Muhammad bin Tughluq

Muhammad bin Tughluq was the ruler of the Tughlaq dynasty in Delhi Sultanate. After the death of Gaiyasuddin Tughluq, his son sat on the throne of Delhi under the name of 'Zuna Khaan', Muhammad bin Tughluq (1325-1351 AD). Its original name was 'Ulugh Khaan'. Muhammad Tughluq (Jonah or Juna Khana) is said to be the world's Khan in a record of RajaMundari. Probably, Muhammad Tughluq was the most educated, scholar and capable person in all sultans of medieval times. Due to its crazy plans, cruel acts and neglect of the happiness and misery of others, it has been called 'dreamer', 'mad' and 'blood-pippu'. Historians like Barani, Sirhindi, Nizamuddin, Badayuni and angel have declared Sultan as unrighteous.

Post system

After sitting on the throne, Tughlaq gave various titles and posts to the rich and the warlords. He gave the title of 'Bahram Khaan' to Tatar Khan, the title of 'Imad-ul-Mulk' and the title of 'Wazir-e-Mumalik', but in the long run with the title of 'Khaanjaahan' he gave the title of ' Made. With the title of 'Khahna-Jahan', the title of 'Shahna-e-building', and the title of 'lawyer-i-rah', with his title of 'kutulug khon', Maulana gyasuddin (teacher of sultan), his cousin Feroz Shah Tughluq was conferred the title of 'Nyab Barabak'. Meritorious person

Muhammad bin Tughluq was one of the most agile, intellectual, religious, secular, art-loving and experienced generals in all Sultans of Delhi. He was fluent in the Arabic language and Persian language and was proficient in astronomy, philosophy, mathematics, medicine, science, logic, etc. Just like Allauddin Khilji, at the beginning of his reign, he neither accepted his position with the caliph nor took the help of the Ulema class, though he had to do so later. He ended the monarchy of the Ulema class at the Justice Department. The decision of Kazi was not satisfied with what he used to change. First of all, Muhammad Tughlaq has allotted posts on the basis of merit without any discrimination. Eliminating race and class discrimination and adopting a policy of appointing officers on the basis of merit. In fact, it was the misfortune of that ruler that his plans were not implemented successfully. Due to which it became the subject of criticism of historians. Delhi Sultanate

While sitting on the throne of Muhammad Tughlaq, the Delhi Sultanate was divided into a total of 23 provinces, the main ones included - Delhi, Devgiri, Lahore, Multan, Sarmati, Gujarat, Awadh, Kannauj, Lucknow, Bihar, Malwa, Jajnagar (Orissa) Daurasamudra etc. Kashmir and Baluchistan were also involved in the Delhi Sultanate. The highest expansion of the Delhi Sultanate's rule was during this reign. But due to its cruel policy, the rebellion started in the state. As a result, a new independent state was established in the south and these areas separated from the Delhi Sultanate. Bengal also became independent After the throne, Muhammad Tughluq created some new schemes and tried to execute them. Like - Tax increase in Doaba region

By his first plan, Muhammad Tughluq made the tax increase in the upazila of Doab (possibly 50 percent), but in the same year, there was a severe famine in Doab, due to which the yield was affected. Rebellion in the area by the occupation of Tughlaq officials forced a rebellion, from which the plan of Tughlaq was unsuccessful. Muhammad Tughlaq established a new department named 'Divan-e-Amir Kohei' for the development of agriculture. After three years, the plans for agricultural advancement were terminated due to the corruption of government employees, farmers' apathy, lack of land, etc. Muhammad bin Tughluq provided loans to farmers (Sonthar) at very low interest. Capital change

Tughlaq transferred the capital from Delhi to Devgiri under his second plan. Devgiri was also called "Kuvatul Islam". Sultan Qutbuddin Mubarak Khilji had named Devgiri as Qutbabad and Muhammad bin Tughluq changed his name to Daulatabad. Sultan's most criticized scheme was. There is a great dispute among historians on the reasons for the change of capital by Muhammad Tughluq, yet it can be concluded that, being located in the midst of Delhi Sultanate of Devgiri, staying safe from the fear of Mongol invaders, pulling towards South India's prosperity etc. The reasons were, for which Sultan thought of converting the capital. This plan of Muhammad Tughluq was also completely unsuccessful and he allowed people to return to Delhi from Daulatabad in 1335 AD. As a result of capital change, Muslim culture has developed in the south, which eventually opened the way to the rise of the Bahamani Empire. Circulation of sign currency

Under the third plan, Mughammad Tughluq introduced symbolic and symbolic coins. Due to various coin-related experiments, Edward Tomas called it "the prince of wealthy". Muhammad Tughluq introduced the coin called 'Daokani'. According to Barni, Sultan probably practiced nominal currency due to the absence of the treasury and the success of its empire expansion policy. Under the symbolic currency, Sultan probably used the coins of metals (according to the angel) and copper (according to Barani), whose value was equal to silver rupees of silver. Not having the control of the state on molding the coin, many fake mints have become. Lagaan was made of forged coins, due to which the economy was stalled. The inspiration to run sign currency is from China and Iran. The rulers there successfully carried out these plans, while the use of Muhammad Tughlaq failed. Sultan had to face terrible economic losses on the failure of his plan. Khorasan and Karachil campaign

Under the fourth plan, Khorasan and Karchil Vijay campaign of Muhammad Tughlaq is mentioned. In order to win Khorasan, Muhammad Tughlaq gave a huge salary of 3,70,000 soldiers a year's salary, but due to political change, there was a deal between the two countries, which led the Sultan's plan to fail and Suffered from Under the Karchil campaign, Sultan sent a huge army under the leadership of Khusro Malik to win the hill states. His entire army was wandering in the wild paths, according to Ibn Batuta, only ten officers could come back and escape. Thus, this scheme of Muhammad Tughlaq was also unsuccessful. Possibly 1328-29 AD In the middle of the invasion of Mongol invaders, Batasharin Chagatai invaded India with a huge army and shook the states from Multan, Lahore to Delhi. It is believed that, Sultan Muhammad Tughlaq had given back the Mongol leader by bribing, it is also the pillar that the Mongol leader bury himself to Delhi Sultant himself and weaken the situation, and in the same way bribe to shake Mongol Given. Whatever happened between them, Sultan had to become a victim of criticism due to the policy of this agreement towards the Mongolian leader. It is correct that after this time there was no invasion of India in the time of Muhammad Tughlaq, and that even because of its ambitious failed plans, Muhammad Tughlaq is called 'the King of Failures'. Significant revolt

During the rule of Muhammad bin Tughluq, there were the most (34) revolts, out of which 27 revolutions were held in South India alone. The following are summaries of some important revolts during the reign of Sultan Muhammad Tughlaq - The first revolt was made in 1327 AD by Cultur's cousin Sultan Gurshash, who was a suburb of Sagar near Gulburg. He was badly defeated by Sultan. Against Muhammad Tughlaq, the rebellion of Sindh and Multan of Bahman, Ibrah alias Kishlu Khan, rebelled in 1327-1328 AD. Syed Jalaluddin Hassan Shah's Malabar Rebellion was done in 1334-1335 AD. Bengal revolt (AD 1330-1331) is prominent. Although Bengal revolt was suppressed initially, but around 1340-1341 AD, Bengal under the leadership of Shamsuddin separated Bengal from the Sultanate. In 1337-1338 AD, the rebellion of the Sub-Nizam brother of Kara, revolts of Bidar, Nusrat Khan in 1338-1339 AD, revolt of Elishah of Gulberg in 1339-1340 AD, and also in the revolts against Muhammad Tughluq The major ones are. The Sultan successfully repressed such rebellions. In the reign of Muhammad Tughluq, in the south of 1336 AD two brothers named 'Harihar' and 'Bukka' established independent 'Vijayanagara'. In 1333 AD, the African traveler Ibn Battuta sent to China as his ambassador. Ibn Battuta has described the events of Muhammad Tughluq in his book 'Rehla'. Muhammad Tughluq was tolerant in religious form. Jain scholars and saints called 'Janprabhu Suri' in the court and honored them in the court. Muhammad bin Tughluq was the first sultan of Delhi Sultanate, who participated in Hindu Tauhirs (Holi, Deepawali). The famous Sufi Sheikh of Delhi appointed 'Shihabuddin' as 'Diwan-i-Mustakharaj' and appointed Shaikh 'Muizuddin' as the governor of Gujarat and 'Sayyad Kalamuddin Amir Kirmani' in the army. Sheikh 'Nizamuddin Chirag-e-Delhi' was one of Sultan's opponents. Death

When Sultan Muhammad Tughluq crashed the rebellion in Gujarat in the last days of his rule, towards the end to end the war, he got seriously sick by reaching Gondal near the mug on the road. Sultan died here on 20 March 1351. On his death, the historian Barani said, "The Sultan was freed from his sultan by his people and the people." The Christian has described Sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq as an enemy of Islamism. Dr. Ishwari Prasad has said about him, "Among the people who took the crown of the throne in the Middle Ages, Muhammad Tughluq was an undoubtedly qualified person. He was the most learned and cultured ruler in the rulers who decorate the throne of Delhi after the establishment of Muslim rule. "He is the supporter of" Al Sultan Zilli Allah "," The Shadow of Sultan Ishwar ", Sultan Ishwar, etc. To be blamed Muhammad bin Tughluq was also a good poet and music lover.

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