The baojia or pao-chia was a Chinese military system created by Wang Anshi as an integral part of his reforms between 1069 and 1076.
It was of a purely rural character and consisted of groups of ten families who were constantly trained and supplied with weapons, in order to reduce government dependence on mercenaries. This system disappeared quickly, but was resumed in the nineteenth century to help the cause of the Taiping Rebellion and later in the twentieth century was applied by the Communist Party of China and the Kuomintang.
wiki