Hemisphärensyndrom

The hemisphere syndrome (or hemisyndrome) is caused by extensive damage to a cerebral hemisphere and possibly by the deeper basal ganglia and thalamus belonging to the cerebrum. It combines neurological deficits, which generally affect a (opposite) body side. Typical signs of disease are the hemiparesis (hemiplegia), half-sided sensory disturbances, hemichorea and / or ballism, half-sided spasticity and / or hemianopsy, as well as forced eye ("Herdblick", Déviation conjuguée) or visual paresthesia. In the neuropsychological failure phenomena often occurring in combination, the hemisymptomatic refers to the opposite space segment. Here, especially in the case of the lesion of the non-linguistic hemisphere, agnosia up to (hemi-) neglect; and aphasia and apraxia are present in the speech-dominant hemisphere.

An acute hemispheric syndrome is usually caused by cerebral haemorrhages or cerebral infarcts due to occlusion of central cerebral vessels, which is usually the internal carotid artery or the cerebral artery or one of its branches.

In contrast, in brain stem lesions, a "crossed" symptom is produced with different failure symptoms on both sides of the body and additional cerebral nerve deficits (brain stem syndromes, for example Wallenberg syndrome, Benedikt syndrome, Weber syndrome)

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