Marcos Cipac de Aquino

Marcos Cipac de Aquino (? -1572) would have been a Nahuatl Indian and one of the most outstanding painters of New Spain in the early years of the conquest of Mexico. It is attributed the authorship of the canvas of the Virgin of Guadalupe. The attribution comes from what was affirmed in 1556 by Francisco de Bustamante in one of his sermons, where he referred to the miraculous image of the Virgin painted by "Marcos el Indio" without mentioning his name. The same name "Marcos Cipac de Aquino" is not registered in any document or writing of colonial time (1521-1821). Bernal Díaz del Castillo mentions a "Marcos de Aquino", the indigenous chronicler Juan Bautista mentions a "Marcos Cipac" in his historical records. Bustamante says "Marcos", and only he relates that mysterious Indian with the invoice of the Guadalupan image. It is not proven that "Marcos de Aquino" and "Marcos Cipac" are the same, and it is not proven that he or one of them was the Indian Bustamante referred to. On the other hand, Bustamante's sermon that mentions "Marcos" was known only in 1888. Before that year no one ever mentioned "Marcos" related to the Virgin of Guadalupe.

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