Vijayanagara Empire
Vijayanagara Empire - 15th Century
Vijayanagara Empire (1336-1646) was an empire of medieval South India. Its kings ruled 310 years. Its real name was the Karnataka Empire. It was established by two brothers named Harihar I and Bukka Rai I. The Portuguese knew it by the name of the state.
This state had a heavy defeat in 1565 and the capital city of Vijayanagara was burnt down. After this, it ran in a weak form and 80 years. The ruins of capital Vijaynagar are found in the modern Karnataka state near Hampi city and it is a world heritage site. Archaeological discoveries reveal the power and riches of this empire.
introduction
Naresh Mughal of southern India could not bow to the flow of Sultanate. Mughal remained unable to hoist his victory over the span in that territory. This is the reason that Vijayanagar state has been given a special place in the history of Southpath.
Tungabhadra, assistant to the Krishna river of South India, is proud of the fact that Vijayanagara grew up in his lap. On the side of it was the head town of Hampi. The predecessor of Vijayanagar's predecessor, Hoysala kings was right here. The South Plateau is inaccessible, so the noble emperors of the North could not fulfill the resolve of conquering the South most.
Veer Vallal III, ruler of Dwarasamudra, started a war against Malik Muhammad, the ruler of the company appointed by Delhi Sultan. Under such circumstances, the Sultan of Delhi appointed two (Hindu) employees, named Harihar and Bukk, to assist Malik Muhammad. These two brothers established an independent Vijayanagar state. In 1336 AD, Harihar completed the coronation with Vedic form and built a city called Vijayanagar along the Tungabhadra river.
Four different tribes ruled in Vijayanagar state. There was no shortage of glorious and powerful kings in every lineage. In addition to being warlike, all Hindus were the custodians of the culture. Himself a patron of the poet and scholars. Harihar and Buk Sangam were sons of a person, and therefore they ruled in the name of Sangam Samrat. Harihara I, the founder of Vijayanagar state, after a short time declared his superior and worthy brother as the successor of the state. Naresh Harihar II, the third prince of the Sangam dynasty, made the Vijayanagara state a broad, powerful and powerful empire of the South. In the time of Harihar II, Sain and Madhava composed the essence on Vedas and theology. Among his descendants, the name of the second Goddess is remarkable, which, after the coronation, reached the confluence of the state on the threshold of progress. While battling Mughal principals, Deborah remained attached to the police. For the sake of the security of the state, the army increased the army by appointing Turkish horsemen. Many new temples and buildings were built in its time.
The second dynasty was famous by the name Saluv. The founder of this dynasty Salub Narsingh ruled from 1485 to 1490 AD. When he became powerless, his minister Naras Naik became the guardian of Vijayanagara. The same Tuluv dynasty is considered to be the first ruler. He ruled from 1490 to 1503 AD and also played Vijayadundu on the remote part of Kaveri in the south. The name of Tulub dynasty Krishnadev Rai is taken proudly. He ruled from 1509 to 1539 AD He was a great, glorious, powerful, peaceful, loving, loving, tolerant and capable ruler. He pressed the heroes, attacked Orissa and established their right over the territory of the south. From the Europe in the 16th century, even Portuguese had come and camped on the western shore. He merged the trade treaty with Krishna Deva Rai, thereby increasing the prosperity of the Vijayanagar state. The last king of the Tuluv dynasty could not maintain the tradition of Sadashiv. Even though on the throne, all his work was edited by Ramrai. After Sadashiv, Ramrai became the lord of Vijayanagar state and considered it the fourth monarch to be the fourth clan of Arvidu. Ramaray's life was full of difficulties. Over the centuries, the Hindu monarchs of South India continued to oppose Islam, and hence envy grew with the Bahamani sultans. The Muslim army had good guns and weapons, so the soldiers of Vijayanagar state were bowed down in front of Islamic elaboration. Muslim generals appointed by the Vijayanagara rulers, surrounded the king, and in 1565 AD, Ramrai was killed in the battle of Talekot. The Muslim army destroyed Vijayanagar, which caused damage to Indian culture in South India. In the weak rulers of Arvidu, the name of Vankantipidev is particularly remarkable. He tried to suppress heroes. Due to the mutual war in Bahamani and Mughal emperors, he was freed from the invasion of the Mughal Sultanate. The main events of its reign were the trade agreement from the Portuguese. Due to the tolerance of the ruler, foreigners were welcomed and the Christian pastor started to preach religion to some extent. The successors of Venkata were weak. As a ruler he failed and the rise of the dominant power of the heroes erupted the existence of Vijayanagar state.
In the history of Hindu culture, Vijayanagar remained an important place in the state. Muslim soldiers and commanders continued to function in Vijayanagara's army, but this did not change in the original purpose of Vijayanagar. There are two such historic monuments in the Vijayanagar state that the Vedic literature criticism of Saina and the formation of the temples are immortalized. The ornate pillar of the temple of Virupaksha of Hampi
The rulers of Vijayanagar used to govern themselves. The king did not accept the entire cabinet of the Cabinet and took the help of the prince eligible for the contract. The rule of governance was dependent on ancient Indian system. The Samurant was present in the far south which used to make annual taxes and used to do all the work in monitoring the prince. For the protection of the people, the Police Department worked closely with Vigilance whose beautiful description has done by foreign writers.
The rulers of Vijayanagar used to think that the treasures were the only ones in the seven limbs of the state. They met the land and sat separately on barren and irrigated land. Taxes, political gifts, financial penalties, and fixation on imports were the means of their other income. Vijayanagara was a war state and therefore two parts of the income were spent in the army, the third part was secured in the form of accumulated funds and the fourth part was spent in donations and palace related work.
The history of Vijayanagar state in the history of Indian literature is immortal. The Brahmin, Jain and Shaivite preachers adopted Kannada language in the valley of Tungabhadra, in which Ramayana, Mahabharata and Bhagwat were composed. In this era, Kumar Vyas's appearance took place. In addition, Bukk gave land donations to the Telugu language poets. The court of Krishna Deva Raya was beautified by skilled poetry. In the descriptions of Sanskrit literature, there was a lot of progress. Vidyarayan was a versatile versatile genius. Famous Minister Madhav of Vijayanagar State, had compiled about Zimayuni judges and Parasharmadhav respectively related to theology and theology, Bhati Sain wrote the commentary on the Vedas of Hindu culture, in the time of the rule of Vedic pathfactor, Harihar II, with the help of which we today Understand the meaning of the Vedas In recognition of the kings of Vijayanagara, invaluable books were written in Sanskrit literature.
Buddhist, Jain and Brahmin votes were disseminated in South India. The kings of Vijayanagara adopted Shaivism, although due to their tolerance, other religions like Vaishnava etc. also continued to flourish. The art of Vijayanagara became complex due to religious trends. The vast gopuram of temples and beautiful, erect pillar pavilion are the specialty of this era. The architectural style of the Vijayanagar-style architecture is still singing in his temples to the memory of the rulers. Architecture
As a legacy of this empire, we get memorials all over South India, the most famous of which are Hampi. This empire compiled many styles of temples constructed in South India and provided Vijayanagiri architecture. Due to the dissolving of different cultures and languages of South India, the architecture of this new type of temple construction has got inspiration. Before using the local Kanasham stone, the temples were built in the Dakkan and after that in the Dravidian architectural style. The secular royal monuments get a glimpse of the architectural art of the North Deccan Sultanate. The origin
Various fables are also popular about the origin of this empire. The most reliable of these is that the son of Sangam, Harihar and Bukka laid the foundations of Hampi Hastinawati State. And by making Vijayanagar the capital, the name of his kingdom was named Vijaynagar in the name of his Guru.
The Muslim entry in South India was at Alauddin Khilji. But Alauddin was defeated by those states and was limited to making them annual. Muhammad bin Tughlaq attacked the Kampilye with the intention of expanding the empire in the south and brought the two state ministers of Kampili Harihar and Bukka into captivity to Delhi. After accepting the religion of Islam by these two brothers, they were sent for South Vijay. It is believed that due to the failure of this ideology, they remained in the South and came under the influence of the saint called Vidyaranya and reverted to Hinduism. In this way, during the reign of Muhammad bin Tughluq, the Vijayanagar empire was established on the southwest coast of India. Empire expansion
With the establishment of Vijayanagara, Harihar and Bukka had many difficulties in front of them. The ruler of Warangal, Kapaya Nayak and his friend Prolay Vem and Veer Ballal III were against him. The Goddess of Devgiri also wanted to destroy the independent existence of Vijayanagara. Harihar first strengthened the fortifications of Badami, Udaygiri and Guti. He also paid attention to the advancement of agriculture, which brought prosperity to the empire. The Hoysala emperor Veer Ballall was engaged in the Vijay campaign of Madurai. Taking advantage of this opportunity, Harihar took control of Eastern Haveli of the Hoysal Empire. Later, Veer Ballal was killed in 1342 by the Sultan of Third Madura. Ballal's son and successor were ineligible. Harihar, having been occupying this opportunity, took over the Hoysala empire. Later Harihar strengthened his position by defeating the ruler of Kadamb and Sultan of Madura.
After Harihar, the Bukka made the emperor, though he did not hold such a title. He joined the kingdom of Tamil Nadu in the Vijayanagar empire. Krishna river was assumed to be the border of Vijayanagar and Bahamani. After Bukka, his son Harihar II was elected. Harihar II was a great warrior. With the help of his brother, he took control of the states of Kanara, Mysore, Trichinapalli, Kanchi, Chinglaput etc. List of rulers Sangam dynasty Saluv dynasty Tuluuv dynasty Arvidu Dynasty Context
wiki