Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi

Acharya Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi (1864-1938) was a great litterateur, journalist, and philanthropist of Hindi. He made unforgettable service of Hindi literature and gave direction and vision to the literary and cultural consciousness of his era. Due to his incomparable contribution, the second era of modern Hindi literature is known as 'Dwivedi era' (1893-19 18). He edited Saraswati, a famous journal of Hindi for seventeen years. He had a great role in the Hindi Renaissance. He also contributed significantly to the speed and direction of the Indian independence movement.

Life introduction

Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi was born in Daulatpur village in Rae Bareli district of Uttar Pradesh in 1864. His father's name was Pt. Ramsaha Dube. These Kanakkubas were Brahmins. Due to his wealth, his order of education could not last long. He got a job at GIP Railway. 1 year stay in the Railway Department, Ajmer, at the age of 25 years. Appointment of Tarab Babu as part of the Indian Midland Railway after leaving the job and learning less about Mumbai departure and telegraph. Due to lack of self-respect and self respecting nature, in 1904 resigned from the job of a monthly salary of 200 rupees in the Railway Department in Jhansi.

In addition to the job, Dwivedi was also involved in the study and received a good knowledge of Hindi, Gujarati, Sanskrit etc. apart from Hindi.

In 1893, Dwivedi took charge of editing the Saraswati monthly magazine and played it efficiently for seventeen years. As soon as he received the invitation from 'Saraswati', he resigned from the railway job. For leaving the job of 200 rupees monthly and working on only Rs.25 a month, working as Saraswati's editor is a sign of his sacrifice. After getting a break from editing, Dwivedi went to his village, and in the year 1938, he passed away. Published works

Mahavir Prasad was the first author of Dwivedi Hindi, who had not only done intensive study of his ethnic tradition but also had seen it in a critical way. He composed in many disciplines. With poetry, story, criticism, book reviews, translations, biographies etc., he wrote not only in abundance in other disciplines of economics, science, history, but also inspired other writers to write in this direction. Dwivedi was only against poetry, story, criticism and acceptance of literature. He also kept subjects such as economics, history, archeology, sociology etc. under the purview of literature. In fact, they wanted to stir up all the bases of knowledge-based science that speeded up independence, indigenous and self-reliance. For this work, he did not just preach, but showed the Mansa, the covenant, the verb himself.

He composed the continuous propulsion stream of Sanskrit literature from the Vedas to Panditraj Jagannath and adopted a scientific vision of utility and artistic contribution. He wrote his first critique book 'Nishdharchrita Chabha' (1899), which is the first criticism book on Hindi on Sanskrit literature, on the Sanskrit epic of Nirodhyacharitam, the Sanskrit epic of Shrihishra. Then he constantly explored, analyzed and evaluated Sanskrit literature. He also made formal editions of some Sanskrit texts in Hindi, including Kalidas, Raghuvansh, Kumarasambhava, Meghdoot, Chartarganjay Pradhan.

Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi, who started literary work with Sanskrit poetry in Sanskrit, Brajabbhasha and Khari bhaya, wrote critics in addition to translation work in Braj Bhasha and Hindi, respectively, from Sanskrit and English. In his fundamental books, the theatrics (1904 AD), Vikramankdev Chariticharya (1907 AD), the origin of Hindi language (1907 AD) and the Estate (1907 AD) are important and education in translated books (Herbert Spencer's 'Education' Translation, 1906 AD) and Freedom (Jan, translation of Stuart Mill's 'On Liberty', 1907 AD).

Dwivedi composed literature in a broader form. The number of his short texts is a total of 81. Poetry, poetry art, devi-praise, century, etc. are key in the fundamental texts of verse. Ganga Lahiri, Tarupani, Kumar are possible essence etc. They have translated verse texts.

In the fundamental texts of prose, it is particularly noteworthy that youth writings, ethical character discussions, critique of Hindi Kalidas, dramatology, origination of Hindi language, autocracy of Kalidas etc. Translations of Wakan, Ratnawali, Hindi Mahabharata, Wani Sansar etc. are the main ones. Subject matter

Dwivedi wrote many essays on various subjects for the spread of Hindi language, the interest of readers and sophistication. From the point of view of the subject, Dwivedi essay can be divided into eight parts - literature, life character, science, history, geography, industry, craft language, spirituality. Dwivedi also composed critical essays. In the area of ​​criticism, he criticized the qualities and qualities of the works like Sanskrit commentators and adopted the archetypal method of rebellion. Language

Dwivedi was biased to write simple and lucid language. He himself adopted the simple and prevailing language. Neither in Sanskrit nor in Sanskrit, there is a lot of similar words and neither is Urdu and Persian's obscure words, they preferred to write higher in place of home and higher rather than house. Dwivedi used to disdain the words of Urdu and Persian in his language, but in this experiment he adopted only the prevailing words. The language of Dwivedi is fully located. It is bound to pure refined and grammatical rules. Their syntax is in line with the nature of Hindi wherever it is not in English or Urdu style. Style

Mainly three forms of Dwivedi style are visible - Introductory style

Dwivedi started writing essays on new topics. Due to the introduction of new and elementary subject, Dwivedi introduced him in a simple and informative style. While writing articles on such topics, Dwivedi has repeatedly repeated one thing like a teacher so that the reader can understand it well. Thus the style of articles is introductory style. Critical style

Dwivedi used to write in this style to overcome the prevailing flaws in Hindi language. Writing in this style, he gave an answer to the opponents. This style is haze. There is a flow in it and its language is serious. Somewhere this style becomes satirical by not being overbearing. There is flirting in words and simplicity in sentences at such places. 'The Chairman of this municipality (now that some people are saying chair man too) are Mr Bukha Shah. You have filled your house with millions of rupees of father's grandfather's earnings. You are the name of Rama written. You have been the chairman only because of showing your car's living government, you become Rai Bahadur and stay eighth and eighty-eight houses from the sweetheart. ' Ideological or geographical style

Dwivedi has adopted this style in the discussion of serious literary subjects. There are also two forms of this style. The first form is found in those articles which have been written to explain the controversial topic to the public. The sentences in this are small. The language is simple. The second form is found in those articles which were written by addressing scholars. The sentences in this are relatively long. The language is somewhat complicated. For example - Dyspnea and impairment are mental disorders or diseases. His relationship is from the mind and the brain only. Talent is also a kind of mentality. These disorders are so intertwined that it is very difficult to separate the talent from the sperm and neurotransmitters and to understand each result. Important work Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi, great writer and journalist of Hindi

Dwivedi has a special place among those who serve Hindi literature. Because of Dwivedi's unique literature-services, his time is called as Dwivedi era. Also see them Hindi literature Hindi prosecutor History of modern Hindi prose Saraswati Magazine Dwivedi era

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