Satavahana

Satavahana was a dynasty of ancient India. It ruled the Central South India from 230 BC to the third century (after Christ). It was powerful after the collapse of the Maurya dynasty. These are mentioned in the 8th century BC but after the death of Ashoka (2nd century BC), Satavahanas declared themselves independent.

introduction

In ancient India, for the first time, under the Maurya dynasty, we tried to establish political and cultural unity. Later, the Satvahan dynasty took this effort forward. Although historians Satvahanas are the successors of the Mauryan in Deccan, the rise of this lineage should also be understood as a common Jain and Hindu process against the Buddhist kingdom of Ashoka. Satavahana dynasty was founded almost fifty years before the defeat of the Maurya dynasty. His empire was the oldest and largest empire of South India. North India Continuing with the changing dynastic landscape (where the Shunanga, Kanva and Kushan clan were established at small intervals after the collapse of the Mauryas), Satvahanas established an eminently inexhaustible, indivisible and long-lasting empire in the Deccan Which ruled for about four and a half hundred years.

From the information we have received about this period, we have the uniqueness of Satvahanas and the knowledge of their unique activities in various fields. If the statements of the Puranas were to be believed, the boundaries of the Deccan's empire stretched to North India. Magadha was a part of this empire, there was also spread in southern India and its boundaries were extended from east to west sea. This empire was formed with the coordination of different species of Malav, Bhoj, Pathikika, Rothik, Andhra, Parind and Dravid etc. of North and South India, and in this view, less than the Maurya Empire in this area, the Satavahana empire was far more Was well organized. This was the result of the long and peaceful governance provided by the Satvahanas in Central India and Deccan that art and architecture were developed whose examples we can find in the caves sculpted in the slums of western India and in stupas and viharas of eastern India. In this period too there was a great development of culture and attraction of the Prakrit language reached the Rajbharbars. Though the Satvahana state was a Hindu kingdom, there was unanimity of Buddhism under his control. Trade, commerce and water transport also made great progress. Historical source

There is an acute shortage of informers and sources of information about Satvahanas. The number of inscriptions related to them is very low and in the given in these inscriptions, there is no complete information about Satvahan. About them we have only nineteen inscriptions from East Deccan. There is no experiment from any point of view to give information about the thirty rulers of this lineage and the long rule of four and a half hundred years. Although the archaeological department has excavated in ancient Hyderabad state (which was part of the indigenous Telangana region and is the capital of modern Andhra Pradesh and Satavahanas are considered as the region of origin) in Pathhan, Maski and Pondapur but there is no evidence from here. In this matter, the coins prevailing by the kings of Satvahan Vishn have come from eastern and western Deccan and Madhya Pradesh, we get important information about this lineage. Thames, Rhapsans, Cunningham, Lord Red Indra ji and Scott scholars have received important information from these coins. But many disputes have arisen because these coins are forged and some forged. Literary sources in this subject have even more disappointed. Due to associated parts of the periodicals in the original myths, the information given about these Satavahanas is no longer reliable. Also, due to lack of success in the context of Satvahanas in different mythologies, the situation has also become narrower. Though the larger story written by Gunadhyay is believed to be written in Satavahana State Conservation, however, this work is no longer found in the original form and the information given in the later versions based on it is arranged by different scholars. Similarly Lilavati, which relates to the military campaigns and victories of Satavahana ruler period, but also can not be believed more. For this reason, our information is limited in the context of the Satavahana period. The rise of Satvahans and their original place of residence

There is a huge distinction between different scholars from Abhyudaya and their native habit of the Saturn. The inscription and the Satavarnas and Shakritaran rulers described in the coins have been called in the Puranas with Andhra, Andhra-Murder and Andhra ethnic names. On this basis, the scholar has reached the decision that the seventh or the emperor kings were equal to Andhra. According to Rappan, Smith and Bhandarkarkar, the rulers of Sampavahan were related to Andhra Pradesh. Purana is said about the people of Andhra, that they were residents of the ancient Teligu region, situated in the middle of Godavari and Krishna river. In to Brahmin, he has been mentioned as a caste which was free from the effects of Aryans. In Magica Magnesites have mentioned their strength and prosperity. Ashok's inscriptions have been described as those people who were under the influence of his empire. But what happened to them after the fall of the Maurya Empire does not come to know. Possibly they freeed themselves. Even historians mentioned above, though, consider Andhra Pradesh as the original habitat of the Saturn, however, there are differences between these scholars regarding the center of their power. Where Smith Mr. Kakulmam is considered as the capital of Orthodox or Andhra. But there is a difference between the scholars in connection with the aspirations of the seventh. In the inscriptions of the Samhanaan dynasty rulers of E-era have been called continuously called Satavahan or Shakarta. Yadakada Shali Vehicle word has also been used in literary texts for them. But in this context, Andhra is not used in any inscription of this family. On the other hand, on the basis of inscriptions, coins and literary sources, Western India has been considered their native place. This fact also comes from the initial inscriptions of Nanaghat (Puna District) and Sachcha (Madhya Pradesh). On this basis, Dr. Gopalachari has considered the establishment (the modern establishment, which is situated in the Aurangabad city of ancient Hyderabad) and the surrounding area of ​​the area. In addition to this, VS Sukuathankar was given to Bellary district; HC Rai Choudhary has considered the southern part of the other country and V.V. Mirashi, the Brahar region engaged in both sides of the river Gwanga river, is the original habit of Saturn. On this basis, equals and decorations of Saturns and Andhras are questionable. In this subject, scholars have suggested that the Saturn started with Deccan of its early life and also won Andhra Pradesh in a short time. In the long run when due to suspicion and rich invaders, the western and northern regions of the seventh empire kept going with their hands, in fact, their power was limited to the region between Godavari and Krishna river i.e. Andhra Pradesh and now the Satyabhas became known as Andhra. .

We do not even know about the origin of Satavahanas. Some scholars compared him to the satyagrahs described in the inscriptions of Ashoka and some from Satni, described by Pliny. Some other scholars have defined Shantkarni and Satvahan words on the basis of the word Bhasha science, even though the significance of these words has been anything but based on the inscriptions of Satavahana dynasty, it is almost certain that Satavahanas were Brahmins like Shung and Kanav rulers. . The proof of this is also found in the Nasik inscription, in which Gautami's son Shatkarni is well-received by a Brahmin (Universe Brahmin) and Khartiy-Dap-Man-Madan, etc., who are honoring the Kshatriyas. The author of this inscription has compared Gautimiputra to Parashurama. At the same time, the polytheism has been considered as mixed Brahmin caste and Nagjatis in the Dattatiputika. The reign of the Satvahanas and the chronology

There are deep differences among the scholars regarding the chronology of Satvahanas. The Atreya Brahmin which was written in the eighth century BC, has been described as a bandit in which the Aryans were out of the periphery and were descendants of Vishvamitra. On this basis, Dr. RD Bhandarkar has considered 500 E East as the initial condition of Satvahan. According to Dr. V. Smith, Andhra was the first subordinate, but after his death, he became independent in the leadership of the Chief of the Chief of the Army and this event happened in the third century BC. In this matter, Smith has considered the basis of the Puranas, which according to which thirty rulers of Andhra have ruled for nearly 460 years. Dr.Gopalachari also acknowledged the fact that the Satvahan dynasty was founded around 235 BC and its fall took place in approximately 255 AD. Based on the elephant Gumpha inscription engraved in the reign of Kharkhhel, ruler of Kalinga, Rappas considers the beginning of the Satavahan dynasty between 220 CE and 211 B.E., but there is a difference in the various myths about the Yasan period of Satvahan. On one hand, where Matsyapuran describes his total Yasan period as 460 years, on the other hand Brahmanpuran has been mentioned as 456 years.

According to Air Purana, Satavahanas ruled for 411 years, while Vishnupuran considers their rule to be 300 years. The second R. Dr. R.G. Bhandarkar establishes the establishment of the Satvahan dynasty as 72.73 East. On the basis of a statement described in the Puranas, he has admitted that the "Shunga dying" Kanva rulers were the servants of the Shung rulers and governed them along with them like Peshwas and founder of the Satavahana dynasty called Simuk or Shishuka, Kanva Raja By killing Susharam, ending both the Kanva and Shunga families, and controlling their empire. But this fact is unbelievable because we know well that the rulers of Shung and Kanva dynasties did not rule together jointly, and Vasudeva Kanva, the founder of Kanva Dynasty, took over the reins of the government by killing the last Shung ruler Deobhuti. Dr. Ray Choudhary has correctly defined the statement of air pollution on which Dr. Bhandarkar has misinterpreted it. According to them, this dirty quantity only tells that when Simuk ended the Kanva dynasty and established the Satvahan dynasty, he also ended the Shung sub-rulers who were left behind even after defeating the Shung rulers at the hands of the Kanva dynasty. . Therefore, Satvahan rulers took over the reins of the self-government at the end of the Kanva dynasty in 29 E East (72 A.E. pre-45 years). But despite all these factors, this possibility can not be denied that the Simuka, who ruled for 23 years, may have been enthroned only sometime in the middle of the 1st century BC. The ruler of the Satavahana dynasty Simuk

Simuq (235 BC - 212 BC) was the founder of Satvahan dynasty and ruled for 23 years from 235 BC to 212 BC. Though we do not get much information about him, however, we know from the Puranas that after destroying the power of the Kanwar rulers and suppressing the remaining Shunu chiefs, he laid the foundations of Satvahan dynasty. In the Puranas, he has been called in addition to Simmek, as well as names like Pigs, Sindhuk and Shiprak etc. According to Jain observations, Simuk built Jain and Buddhist temples during his reign, but during the reign of his reign, he became misguided and became cruel due to which he was abducted and murdered. Kanha and Krishna (212 BC - 195 - 195 BC)

After the death of Simu, his younger brother Kanha (Krishna) sat on the throne. In his 18-year tenure Kanha adopted the policy of empire vistar Inscription from Nasik shows that during the time of Kanha, the Satavahana empire spread to Nashik in the west. Shatkarni-P (First) After Kanha, Shatkarni sat on the first cushion. According to Puranas, he was Kanha's son. But Dr. Gopalachi Simuk is considered to be the father of Shatkarni I. Some scholars believe that its rule period was two years, but Neelkanth Shastri has ruled from 194 AD to 185 AD. Whatever it is, it is obvious that his rule period was not very long. But, while being small, the tenure of Shatkarni I is very important with some approaches. It was the first in the Satvahana rulers who named him "Shatakarni", beloved and popular in the rulers of this lineage. According to the Nanaaghat inscription, Shatkarni expanded his empire and made two Ashwamedh Yajna and one Rajusya Yagna in his work. With an inscription of his queen Nayanika, we know that Shatkarni I has won the western Malwa along with Anup (region of Narmada Valley) and Vidarbha (Barar) territories. If Shatkarni is the first ruler who has been mentioned in the Sanchi Stupa, it also affirms that in his time Central India was in the power of Satavahanas. He became the emperor in his work from his chhatra, and he holds the title of the South Pathpati and untimely chakra. Based on the similarity of the script used in the Nana Ghat article and the Hathi Gaffa articles it has been suggested that perhaps in the second year of the reign of this Shatakarna rulers, Kharkhal, the great ruler of Kalinga, had defeated the battlefield. The wife of Shatkarni I was the daughter of Narayan or Naganika Angadi Kuli, daughter of a great debtor. Vedshri and Satshree (or Shakti Shree)

After the death of Shatkarni I, two of his miniseries sat on Vedasri and Satshree throne. But due to being a miniaturist, all the reins of the administration came in the hands of his mother, Nanika, who governed with the help of his father. It appears that Vedasri died in short life and Satshri ruled as her successor. But the Puran is unanimous in this regard that after the first Shatkarni king, Purnooshang was seated on the throne of King Satavahana. Whether the name of the fourth Satavahana ruler has been anything, it is certain that during the rule of this ruler, Pushyamitra Shung had taken control of the kingdom of Magadha by killing the last Mauryan ruler, the cosmos. In Matsyapuran, the mention of Skanda Bhagwati is made as the fifth ruler of the Satavahan dynasty, but most scholars consider this name to be imagined. Shatakarni Dviti

Shatkarni Dwi ruled from approximately 166 BC to 111 AD. It was probably the same ruler who has been described in Heyethigompa and Bhilasa inscriptions. It appears that during its rule, the Satavahanas took the former Malva from a successor of Pushyamitra Sung.

According to Puranas, Shatkarni was seated on the throne after the Second Dynasty. After Lambda, his son appealed on the appellant throne. Appellant who was the eighth Satvahana ruler, the period between these two people has been considered as a dark age in the context of Satvahan, in which only the period of Kuntal Shatkarni can be considered as an exception. Kuntal Shatkarni was the next important ruler of Satavahanas after the appellant. In Kamasutra, Vatsyaan has written while quoting Kuntal Shatkarni that he used his fingers as a scissor and killed his Patarni Malawati. In poetry, Rajeshwar has described Kuntal Shatkarni as saying that he had given orders to his queens living in his nineties to use only the pure language. Hall (20 E.P. - 24 E.P.)

The next important ruler of the Satavahanas was the ruler. Although he ruled only for four years, however, some subjects were very important in his regime. It is believed that if Shatkarni was the greatest of the first warrior in the early Satavahana rulers, then he was the foremost leader in the form of a peaceman. He also used to keep the literary interest and became famous as a poet emperor. His name is mentioned in the texts such as Puran, Lilavati, Saptashati, Appraisation Chintamani etc. It is believed that the rituals of Sathaswati or Satasai (complete with seven hundred verses) were written in the Prakrit language. The author of the epic legend, Gundhari was also a contemporary contemporary and probably wrote this book written in Paashachi. In the earliest times, the three books of Buddha Swami's collection of collection 'Volume-collection, the horoscope of the center-Manjari and the Kathasaritasagar of Somadev were produced by the great authors of Gudhardhya.

The recent chief commander Vijaynand attacked Sri Lanka by order of his master and won him. While returning from this Vijay campaign, he stayed for some time at the place called God Godavari Bhimm. There Vijayanand heard the talk of Lilavati, king of Sri Lanka's most admired daughter, which he described as his King Hall. Having recently tried to marry Lilavati. Legend has it that some recently launched some military operations in the eastern Deccan, but in the absence of evidence most scholars consider it a mistake. Although during the rule of Satavahana rulers till recently, there was excessive development in the additional literary and economic areas of the political sector, and the development of the commerce cities and the development of water transport, which flourished during the rule of the second century AD or Puridransen of the first century AD. Reached the peak of, however, nearly 50 years of coming proved to be very difficult for the Satavahana empire Happened. It appears that with the foreign invasion in the form of West Satraps, the destruction of the Satavahana empire would have to happen. Kushanas were spreading in the north-west and their pressure and initiative were attracted towards the central and western India and they were eager to fight with Satvahan. Western satraps of the Kshatriya Dynasty had established themselves in the western Rajputana, Gujarat and Kathiawar. These Sukas rulers attacked the Satvahana State from 35 E to about 90 CE. He won eastern and Panicha Malwa territories with the Satavahanas; Northern Konkan (inconclusive), which is the center of Satavahana Shakti and the southern Maharashtra spreading to Banvasi (Vayyayanti), also dominates northern Maharashtra. The first ruler of the dynasty was Ghumak, whose sources of information are some coins, which are mostly found in the coastal region of Kathiawar and Yadakada Malwa in Gujarat. Ghumk's successor was Nahan, whose information we hold the title of King (or Rajan) on his many coins. The inscriptions found his epithet Satyaprat and the Mahakshatrapap. His inscriptions of Nasik, Karle and Junar (northern Maharashtra); All of the donations given by SK Much coins and its Jamat Sakash Ashtavadat in Northern and Southern India prove that in the time of Nhapan, the Dahshat Dynasty's empire was very broad, and it was only after stripping a large territory from the Satavahana rulers that its empire Was made so huge. Nhapan and his landlord Shakav Ashwad wrested the power of Satavahana in the West Deccan by conquering Malwa, Narmada Valley, North Konkan, the western part of Barar and southern Maharashtra. They defeated the Satvahan King who had defeated Nahan, probably Sundar Shatkarni, Chakor Shatkarni and Shivasati, whose tenure was very small (the first of these were the period of one and a half years of rule), but these circumstances did not last long and Gautami's son Shree This became a new turning point in the Kahatra-Satavahana struggle as Satakahan became the ruler of Shatkarni. Gautami's son Shri Shatkarni (70 E0-95E)

After about half-a-dozen ups and downs in the hands of the ruling rulers, Gautam Buddha reinstated his lost reputation under the leadership of Shri Shatkarni. Gautami's son Shri Shatkarni was the greatest ruler of the Satavahan dynasty, who ruled for almost 25 years, not only reinstated the lost prestige of his empire, but also established a huge empire. In the time of Gautami's son and his triumphs, we get complete information from the Naasik inscriptions of his mother Gautami Baalshri. In this context, we get this information from this article that he honored the ego of the Kshatriyas. His description is in the form of doubt, yawn and initiation killers of rulers. His biggest achievement was the defeat of the ruler of Nahapan and his descendants, in the name of his family. The silver coins of Nahapan received from the Joglathambi (Nashik) group, which were rekindled by Gautami's son Shatkarni, and in the eighteenth year of their rule, by Gautami's son, in the Pandu-Lenan near Nasik, there are some facts that prove this. That is, he rebuilt the territories which were suppressed by the ruling rulers. His war with Nhapana took place in the 17th and 18th years of his reign, and by winning this war, his son took away Aparante, Anoop, Saurashtra, Cooker, Aakar and Avanti from Nhapan. In addition to these areas, Rishik (Rishik Nagar situated on the banks of Krishna river), Ayamak (part of ancient Hyderabad state), Ganga (son of Godavari near the Godavari, whose capital was establishment) and Vidarbha (modern Barar region) It was also domination. The area that was directly influenced by it was spread from Malwa and Kathiawar in the north to Krishna river in the south and Barar in the east and Konkan in the west. He assumed the title of 'Tri-sea-to-yellow-vehicle', from which it is known that its impact was in eastern, western and southern seas ie Bengal Bay, Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean. It appears that sometime before his death, Gautami's son Shatkarni defeated Nahapan by defeating Nhapan and got out of his hands. Gautami's sons who were snatching these territories were possibly the rulers of the Seethian castes, who were the rulers of the classical descendants. This proof gives us the description of geography by Talmai from his book. The same conclusions can be drawn from the inscriptions of Junagadh of the famous Rudradaman of 150 AD. This inscription indicates that Rudrumanan has won all the territories of Gautimiputra Shatkarni, conquered from Nhapan. It appears that Gautamiputra Shatkarni tried to secure his areas of war with Rudraman by establishing marital relation with grateful suspicions.

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