Hoedekenskerke

In the strict sense of the term, the term "bearer" refers to the first-born male descendants of a couple who receive the family name of the parents' house in order to pass him on to the "tribe" or to continue the line of the parent. The term "stem-holder" for the female heiress is rarely found, since it is an exception in the cultured spaces with father lines; this is subject to a change in recent times, especially with regard to the free choice of the family name (see German right to name). In ethnic families who organize themselves according to their mothers' line, the real heiress is usually the lastborn, and the continuation of the maternal line is not based solely on a daughter ( Ultimogenitur, Lineages). Today, as a parent or a parent of a married couple, their first common child is known as the common child.

In the European cultural area and around the world, aristocratic families and ruling dynasties organize their succession according to an agnatic stem line (main or secondary line); only the oldest legitimate son is considered the successor of his father and his social position and privileges. If the firstborn does not survive, the next-most-marital son enters the family's succession; in the event that only one legitimate daughter is a successor to her, usually a separate house law contains complicated rules of the succession with regard to the oldest heiresses or a hereditary succession. In order to avoid the extinction of a noble name (the so-called "man's tribe") even when there were only daughters, the predicate "von der" was often placed before the family names of later generations; a literary example of such considerations can be found in the novel Effi Briest of the German writer Theodor Fontane in 1896.

In many royal houses worldwide, only the oldest son as an official heir is still valid today. In the absence of a male incumbent, some monarchies allow the continuation of their line through a daughter, as is the case in the Kingdom of Sweden since 1980 (see the Swedish succession) and in the Belgian royal house since 1991 (see Belgian Succession Regulations). In the British monarchy since daughters have been equated with the sons (see the succession in the United Kingdom). Single-level Edit source text

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