Ram Prasad 'Bismil'
Ram Prasad Bismil (11 June 18 97-19 December 1927) was a major freedom fighter of the revolutionary section of the Indian Independence Movement, who was hanged by the British Government at the age of 30 years. He was involved in several incidents like Mainpuri conspiracy and Kakori-Kand and was a member of the Hindustan Republican Association. Ram Prasad was also a poet, poet, translator, multilingual language, historian and writer. Bismillah was his Urdu Takhlus (surname), which means meaningfulness in Hindi. Apart from Bismil, he used to write articles and poems as well as the name of Ram and unknown.
On Friday, Jyeshtha Shukla Ekadashi (Nirjala Ekadashi) Vikrammi Samvat 1954, born in Shahjahanpur, Uttar Pradesh, was killed by Rama Prasad in Vikram Sakhi, Posh Krishna Ekadashi (Safla Ekadashi) on Monday, at the age of 30 years. In 1916, he stepped into the revolutionary road at the age of 19. In the revolutionary life of 11 years, he wrote many books and published them on his own. The money they got from selling those books, they bought weapons and used those weapons to oppose the British Raj. 11 books were published in their lifetime and were confiscated by the British government.
Bismil was kept in the 11th barracks of the Lucknow Central Jail of Agra and Awadh of the then United Provinces. In the same jail, along with other members of his party were put together, they were all booked a plot to plot against British rule.
Ancestor Statue of Ram Prasad Bismil in Barabai village of Murraya (MP)
The native village of Bismil's grandfather, G Narayan Lal, was a barabai. This village was in Murayana district of the Tomarghar region, between the rocks of Chambal river in the then Gwalior state and is currently in Madhya Pradesh. Berbai villagers used to tease the British and British occupation giants on the day. Due to family strife, Narayan Lal left his native village including his wife Vichitra Devi and both sons - Murlidhar and Kalyanmal. After leaving his village in Barabai, only two of his brothers - Aman Singh and the same lion were left, whose descendants still live in the same village. Today a statue of Ram Prasad Bismil has been set up by the Madhya Pradesh government in a park in Barabai village. Even 'Barbai' village is being developed under 'MP Adarsh Gram Yojana'. Apart from this, A 'Amar Shahid Pt Ramprasad Bismil Museum' has also been set up at a temple and district headquarters, which is known for exploring the historical places of Amar Shahidas and zones of Chambal zone. The material provided.
In the long run, this family came to Shahjahanpur, the historic town of Uttar Pradesh. Narayan Lal got a job in an Attar shop near Shahjahanpur's Munnaganj's gate for just three rupees per month. His family did not have the money in such a small amount. Bismil's grandmother, Vichitra Devi, started her work to grind grain for her husband's hand. This cycle continued for almost two-three years. Bismil's father Murlidhar
Narayana Lal was the Brahmin of the famous Shastri of the same place. But local people often addressed him as "Pandit ji" with his ethics, integrity and religious tendencies. It would have also been a benefit to him that every tee-festival donation - Dakshina and food etc. would have come in the house. In the meanwhile, Narayana Lal got a job in a school with the help of local residents for seven rupees monthly. After some time he also left the job and started the business of selling REGGARI (Econi-Dunni-Chavanni coins). This started earning them five to seven rupees per day. Narayan Lal bought a house to live in the Khirni Bagh neighborhood of the city and married the elder son Murlidhar with a daughter of his in-laws and brought him to this new house. After marriage, Murlidhar got a job in the municipality of Shahjahanpur for a monthly salary of 15 rupees. But they did not like this job. After some days, he quit his job and began work on selling stamp paper in the court. In this business they earned a lot of money. Three bullock carts started running on rent and started working on lending money on interest. Early life and education
Born on March 11, 1897, in Khirni Bagh district of Shahjahanpur city, Murlidhar and his wife Basu were second born to their parents. A son had died before he was born. An astrologer had predicted the birth chart of the child and the signs of the two fingers in the fingers: "If the life of this child is saved in some way, although the probability is very low, then by becoming a Chakravarti emperor, Shakti will not be able to stop. "Both the parents were of lion and the child also looked like a lion and a cubs, so astrologers thought a lot thinking and put names on the signature of the zodiac sign. The parents suggested both of them as parents, and the child's name was Ramprasad, mother always used to say that she wanted a son like Rama. Before the birth of Ramprasad, his mother had lost a son, so the magic was also supported. A rabbit was brought and brought out from the top of the newborn and left in the courtyard. It was mentioned in the autobiography of Rama Prasad Bismil that there were nine children of Murlidhar, who had five daughters and four sons, and later, two daughters and two sons were also dead. .
From childhood, special attention was paid to Ramprasad's education. His mind was more in play but less in reading. Because of this, his father used to beat him a lot, but the mother always said with love that "Son Ram! It is a very bad thing, do not do it." This loving love has some impact on his mind. His father first introduced the letter of Hindi, but neither he nor he learned to read or write. In those days the owls were taught only in the alphabet of Hindi. He used to oppose this and in return, he also used to kill his father. He was defeated and admitted to the Urdu school. Perhaps this natural attribute could make Ramprasad a revolutionary. At the age of 14, Ramprasad got addicted to stealing money from his father's cabin. From the stolen rupees he started reading by buying novels etc. and had a habit of smoking cigarette and hanging. Overall, rupee - the process of theft continued and Ram Prasad had now become accustomed to reading the books of Urdu-based novels and ghazals. Incidentally, due to being in the heat of daybreak, Ramprasad was captured while stealing. Plucked up, novels and other books were torn off, but the habit of stealing money was not lost. Later, when they came to understand a bit, they could be free from this mischief.
When Ramprasad failed to pass the Urdu medium examination, he started studying English. Also, a priest from the neighborhood gave Ramprasad knowledge of the method of worship. The priest was a learned scholar. The effect of his personality also took place on the life of Ramprasad. Due to the teachings of the priest, Ramprasad started worshiping Brahmacharya with pooja. Saw-seen Ramprasad of the priest started exercising too. Any kind of adolescence and bad habits of adolescence was also in the mind. Only cigarette smoking addiction can not be missed. But that too, after a few days, a classmate of the school got rid of the Satsangati of Sushil Chandra Sen. After leaving the cigarette, Ramprasad's mind began to study. Very soon it came in the fifth edition of English.
There was an unexpected change in Ram Prasad. The body was beautiful and beautiful. It was time to spend time in regular worship. At that time, he was contacted by Indshijeet, who came to the temple. Munshi Indendjit told Ram Prasad in relation to the Arya Samaj and gave the book written by Swami Dayanand Saraswati to read Satythar Prakash. The serious study of Satyant Prakash had a wonderful effect on Ram Prasad's life. Swami Somdev meeting
When Ramprasad was a student of class VIII in Government School in Shahjahanpur, then incidentally Swami Somdev arrived at the Arya Samaj Bhavan. Munshi Indrajit appointed Ramprasad in Swamiji's service. From here it started to change the condition and direction of his life. On the one hand, serious study of Satyarthi Prakash and open discussion on Swami Somadev on political topics, on the other hand, raised the spirit of country-love in their mind. In 1916, Congress President, Pt. Jagat Narayan spared the orders of 'Mullah', while Ram Prasad, when Lokmanya Balgangadhar pulled out of Tilak in Lucknow city, the attention of all the young men went towards his persistence. During the convention, he was introduced by Keshav Baliram Hedgewar (Chhnamnam: Keshav Chakraborty), Somdev Sharma and Mukundilal etc. Later, Somdev Sharma, along with Siddhagopal Shukla, published a book from the Civil Literature Library, Kanpur, titled - The History of America's Freedom. This book was published in 1916 in Kurmi Press, Lucknow, with the management of Babu Ganesh Prasad. Ramprasad published this book with two hundred rupees twice in his mother's life. He mentioned this in his autobiography. This book was confiscated when it was published. Later, when the prosecution of Kakori Kand was carried out, the same book was presented in the form of evidence. Now this book has been edited and compiled in part-three of the granthav, namely Sarfaroshi's Tamanna and can be seen in three other libraries including Murthy Building Library, New Delhi. Mainpuri conspiracy Pandit Gandalal Dixit: Bismil's guide in Mainpuri conspiracy
Hearing the news of Bhatt Parmanand's death in 1515, Ram Prasad had promised to destroy the empire in the British Empire, in 1916 a book was published, some new men had joined him, the blessings of Swami Somdev are also received from them. Had finished An organization had erected himself in the name of Pandit Gandalal Dixit in the name of Mahadevi. An example and a promise from this organization was also published. Ram Prasad, who had become famous as 'Bismillah' till now, aimed at collecting money for the party, in June 1918, and in September 1, 18, a total of three robbery was also put in place, so that police alerted these youth In the search, place was printed in place. In Congress convention in front of Red Fort from 26 to 31 December, 1918, the youth of this organization screamed and screaming as soon as the books started selling the police, but all the books were saved from Bismil's understanding.
Pandit Gandalal Dixit was born in May village on the Yamuna coast. A famous town in Etawah district was a teacher at DAV School of Aaraia. If the passion of patriotism rode, then formed an institution under the name of Shivaji Committee and started collecting weapons. Arms were caught in Agra. The prisoners were imprisoned in the fort and they were stunned by the police. After merger of Bismil's matrivedi institution in Shivaji Committee, the two worked together to do many things. Once again, the police had lagged behind, ran away to Delhi where they died. In his autobiography, Bismil has given a great poignant description of Pandit Gindalal ji.
In the Mainpuri conspiracy, six youths from Shahjahanpur were included, whose leader Ramprasad was a bismil, but they did not come to the police, they escaped immediately. On 1 November 1919 the magistrate BS Chryson heard the decision of the main conspiracy. Among the people who were punished, all except Mukundlal were released in February 1920 for a general amnesty. Bismil remained underground for 2 whole years Some of his teammates went to Shahjahanpur and spread rumors that Brother Ramprasad was killed by the police while the truth was that during the police encounter, he started fluttering in the Yamuna and floating in the water under the yoke, Going far forward and out of the river and nowadays the Greater Noida has been inhabited, the uninhabited rocks have gone in the rocks. There used to be only acacia trees in those days; And in the poorer land the man did not even look far and wide. Literary creation Amar Shahid Pt. Ram Prasad Bismil Park in Rampur Manir village, located in beta forest sector of Greater Noida
Ram Prasad Bismil took shelter in Rampur Manchar (Rampur Jahangir), a small village here and spent many months roaming in the uninhabited forests, filled the cow's buffalo's cow. Its very interesting description he has done in the second volume of his autobiography: Swadesh Prema (Subtitle - Palaynavarsha). By staying here, he wrote the work of his revolutionary novel Bolsheviks. In fact, this novel is originally Hindi-Hindi translation of Nihilist-mystery written in Bengali, whose language and style are both interesting and interesting. A very beautiful Bengali book of Arvind Ghosh, the compound instrument of Hindi - was also done by translating it underground. The land of the Yamuna was considered safe for avoiding the police in those days, so Bismil used a lot of the safe place. At present, since this village comes under the Beta forest sector of Greater Noida, the Uttar Pradesh Government has developed Amar Shahid Pt. Pradasam Bismil Park in the memory of the forest department coming to the area of Rampur village. The forest department of the state is supervised by the Greater Noida Administration funding.
One feature of 'Bismil' was also that they did not stay in any place for more days. Staying in Rampur Manor for a few days, he also stayed in Shastri Devi's village Kosma district Mainpuri. Interestingly, they did not recognize him until their own sister. Walking through Kosma reached the arm. After a few days, Pahin went to Agra and went to his grandfather's village, Barabai (District Murray, Madhya Pradesh) in Gwalior principality. He stayed there in the disguise of the farmer for a few days. While living in exile, he translated the English book "The Gradmendrum of Russian Revolution" in 1918 - Hindi. All his friends liked this book. The name of this book he named Katherine was. Not only this, Bismil also published some books from the Sushilamala series, which included a short story of Katharine or independence goddess Katharine Brashkovsky, indigenous colors, and the above-mentioned novelist Kurtut of the above Bolsheviks. Apart from indigenous colors, the three books are available in libraries nowadays for general readers. Again towards the revolution
After the announcement of the government, Ram Prasad Bismil came to his native Shahjahanpur and worked for a few days before the manager of the India Silk Manufacturing Company, after which he started a silk sarees shop in Sadar Bazar and started business with Banarsilalal. In business they earned both name and name. The Congress District Committee took him to the Executive Committee on the post of the auditor. In September 1920 he joined the Calcutta Congress as an authorized representative of the Shahjahanpur Congress Committee. His meeting with Lala Lajpat Rai was in Calcutta. When Lala ji saw books written by him, he was impressed by them. He introduced them to some publishers of Calcutta, including one Umaadt Sharma, who later published a book, Katharine of Ram Prasad Bismil, in 1922. In the 1921 Ahmedabad Congress convention, Ramprasad's Bismil openly supported Maulana Hassrat Mohani on the proposal of Full Swaraj and, in the end, accepted the proposal to start the Non-Cooperation Movement with Gandhiji. For this reason he became very popular among the youth. Shahjahanpur volunteers had an important role in starting the non-cooperation movement across the country. But in 1922, when Gandhi withdrew the non-cooperation movement, without consulting anyone after Chauri Chaura, Bismil and his colleagues in Gandhi's 1922 Congress opposed Gandhiji's decision that the Congress again became two ideologies - a moderate or Liberal and second rebel or rebellion. Gandhiji always used to say that the young men of rebellious ideology were opposed to the general meetings of the Congress. Once upon a time, he wrote a letter to Jawaharlal Nehru and also cursed him with the help of revolutionary youth. Formation of HRA Lala Hardayal, who played a key role in the formation of HRA
In January 1923, wealthy people like Motilal Nehru and Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das together formed Swaraj Party. The young men declared the Revolutionary Party as an ad hoc party. In the special congress session of Delhi held in September 1923, unsatisfied youths decided that they would also fix their party's name and constitution etc. and start interfering in politics otherwise the country will become a lootet in the name of democracy. When he was seen, he had a very visionary thought at that time. The well-known revolutionary Lala Hardayal, who was living abroad in those days, was engaged in a strategy to make India free, during the time of Swami Somdev in connection with Ram Prasad Bismil. Lala ji had written the letter to Ram Prasad Bismil, with Shikindranath Sanyal and Yad Gopal Mukherjee, to advise the constitution of a new party. Following Lalaji's advice, Ram Prasad went to Allahabad and prepared the Constitution of the party at the house of Shachindranath Sanyal.
The name of the newly constituted party was briefly kept in H. R.A. and its constitution was printed on the Yellow Wrangle and sent to the members. On October 3, 1924, an executive meeting of this party (Hindustan Republican Association) was held in Kanpur, which included many prominent members including Shachindranath Sanyal, Yogesh Chandra Chatterjee and Ram Prasad Bismil. In this meeting Sanyal and Chatterjee went to Bengal by handing the leadership of Bismil to the party. In view of the difficulty in collecting funds for the party, the method of the revolutionaries of Ireland was adopted and the first robbery on behalf of the party was cast on 25 December 1924 (Christmas night) in Bamrauli, whose leadership was efficiently led by Bismil. It is mentioned in the verdict of Chief Court of Oudh. Publication of "The Revolutionary" (Declaration)
Ram Prasad Bismil in the 4th page pamphlet "The Revolutionary" distributed at all the major places of entire India between 28 and 31 January 1925, published from an anonymous place on January 1, 25, from an anonymous place on behalf of the revolutionary party, Vijay Kumar's proxy In the written form of the name of his party by the name, he had declared in clear words that the revolutionary was in the governance of this country. Trying to change the R and for what they are, what can? Not only that, he also made a joke about Gandhiji's policies and even questioned why the person who calls himself a spiritual is afraid to talk to the British openly. He urged all the youngsters of India not to come under the mischief of such a pseudo-mahatma, and joined their revolutionary party to openly oppose the British to fight. In this revolutionary (declaration) published in English by the name of Revolutionary, the conceptual thinking of revolutionaries * can be interpreted well. The original Hindi prose statement of this paper is now available on Hindi WikiSource too. Kakori-khand Kakori-Kand revolutionaries Above all, Ram Prasad 'Bismil' and Ashfaq Ulla Khan are in the group photo below (to left to right) 1. Yogesh Chandra Chatterjee, 2.Prakashrishna Khanna, 3.Mukundi Lal, 4.Vishnushan Dublish, 5.Suresh Chandra Bhattacharya, 6. Ramkrishna Khatri, 7.Mamathathnath Gupta, 8.Rajkumar Sinha, 9. Dakur Roshan Singh, 10. P. Ramprasad Bismil, 11.Rajendranath Lahdi, 12.Govindacharan Kar, 13. Ramdulaye Trivedi, 14. Ramnath Pandey, 15.Shachindranath Sanyal, 16.bh Prayendranath Sanyal, 17. Pranavkumar Chatterjee
On seeing this 4-page manifesto published by the Revolutionary name, the British Government started searching for its author in Bengal Incidentally, Shatinder Nath Sanyal was arrested in Bankura when he was going to post this declaration to some of his colleagues. Similarly, Yogesh Chandra Chatterjee met with the party from Kanpur and as soon as the train arrived at Howrah station, the constitution of H. R.A. was captured with a lot of copies. They were locked up in Hazaribagh jail. With the arrest of both the prominent leaders, the responsibilities of the revolutionary members of Bengal along with Uttar Pradesh as well as on the shoulders of Ram Prasad Bismil came. Bismil had the temperament that he either did not take any work in hand and if he took the work once he did not leave it without fulfilling it. The need for funds for the party's work was earlier, but now even more was increased. Seeing the money received from anywhere, he put two political robbers on March 7, 1925 at Bichpuri and on 24 May 1925 at Dwarkapur. But they could not get some special money in them.
In each of these robberies, one person was killed on the spot. From this, Bismil's soul suffered a lot. Eventually he decided that he would now only loot the government treasury, not robbing the house of any rich in Hindustan at all.
The decision was taken in an Emergency meeting held at his house in Shahjahanpur on August 7, 1925 and on 9th August 1925, 10 people led by Bismil, from Shahjahanpur railway station, in which Ashfaq Ulla Khan, Rajendra Lahiri, Chandrashekhar Azad, Shachindranath Bakhshi, Manmathnath Gupta, Mukundi Lal, Keshav Chakravarti (pseudonym), Murari Sharma (real name Murari Lal Gupta) and Banwari Lal were included, 8 Not Saharanpur-Lucknow boarded the passenger train. They had all four pistol guns made of Germany, apart from pistols, which seemed like a small automated rifle, and made fear in front of the front, after taking a kum in their butt. The firing ability of these mussers was more than ordinary pistols. In those days these mews were known today as the AK-47 rifle. As soon as the train stops at Kakori railway station before Lucknow, the revolutionaries pulled the chain and stopped it and dropped the official treasury box from the guard box. He tried to open it but when he did not open it, Ashfaq Ulla Khan caught his master Manmathnath Gupta and started hammer and broke into the box. Manmathnath Gupta keenly pressed the trigger of the mouse, which caused the missing bullet, Ahmed Ali. He was stacked on the spot. Immediately tied a leather bag full of silver coins and notes and left a sheet there to escape from there. The news spread through the newspapers the next day to the whole world. The British government took this train robbery seriously and handed over the investigation to Scotland's fastest police police led by Mr. R. A. Harton, assistant insider of DIG (CDI). . Arrest and indictment
The CBI investigated a serious investigation by affirming that the Kakori train is a planned conspiracy of robbery revolutionaries. Police gave advertisements for the announcement of reward for information regarding Kakori Kand and for arresting any person involved in the conspiracy, all the prominent places. The result was that the police identified the Dhobi marker in the sheet found on the spot and it came to know that the sheet belongs to a person of Shahjahanpur. When asked by the Dhobis of Shahjahanpur, the sheet was found in Banarasi Lal. By meeting Banarasi Lal, the police got the whole distinction. It was also known that on 9th August 1925, who had been out of the city from Shahjahanpur and how did they return? When intelligence was confirmed that Ram Prasad Bismil, who was the leader of H. R.A., was not in the city on that day, on September 26, 1925, with more than 40 people from entire India along with Bismil Was arrested.
In Kakori Kand, only 10 people were actually involved and hence all were nominated. Of these five - Chandrashekhar Azad, Murari Sharma (pseudonym), Keshav Chakravarti (pseudonym), except Ashfaq Ulla Khan and Shachindra Nath Bakshi, who did not come to the police, the remaining people were prosecuted and from 5 years of imprisonment. Sentenced to death Apart from the absconding accused, the criminals who were arrested on suspicion of becoming an active activist of the HRA were released due to lack of evidence. Special Magistrate Anuddin did not make any difference to disturb the image of every revolutionary. Not only this, even before sending the case to the court, all witnesses and witnesses had gathered that even if appealed, one accused could not escape without the sentence. Banarasi Lal was locked up in police custody by a fear of severe punishment. In Shahjahanpur district Congress Committee, there was a quarrel with the Bismil of this Banarsi regarding party fund. Bismil, who was then the District Congress Committee's auditor, proved the charges of embezzlement in the party-fund on Banarasi and suspended him from the primary membership of the Congress Party. Later, when Gandhi came to Shahjahanpur on October 16, 1920 (Saturday), Banarasi met him and made his side. At that time Gandhari ji did not have to give so much weight to the small spaceship that he should not give so much, he reconciled between them. But Benaresi was a very smart man. He apologized to Bismil for the first time and then took Gandhiji aside and gave him his ears that Ramprasad was a very different person. They do not believe in anything about it, nor do anybody else do it.
Later, this Banarasi Lal made friendship with Bismil and earned his faith before sweet talk and after that he became a partner in the garment business with him. When Bismil criticized Gandhiji for his separate party, Banarasi Lal was very pleased and sat quietly in search of the spot. Knowing the difference between Bismil and Banarasi from the local people, the police made Banarasi Lal as an official (government witness) and used the entire suit against Bismil as an accurate tool. Being a partner in the Banarasi Lal trade, the party knew such confidential things that no one else could know except Bismil. This is mentioned by Rama Prasad Bismil in his autobiography.
In the Lucknow District Jail, which was called the Central Jail of the United Provinces (UP), all the revolutionaries were kept together in the 11th barracks and temporarily in a luxurious building named Ring Theater near Hazratganj crossroads. The court was built. This ring, named Ring Theater, was used between Kothi Hyatt Baksh and Mallika Ahad Mahal, in which the British officers used to entertain seeing movies and dramas etc. In the same ring theater for 18 consecutive months, the British government spent 10 lakh rupees in the historical trial run by King Imper v. Ram Prasad 'Bismil' and Others, when the value of gold was 20 rupees (12 grams). Was there. This building was later demolished by the order of the British dictators and in its place, in 1929-1932, another grand house was constructed in the name of G.P.O. (main post office) Lucknow. When India became independent in 1947, the Nehru Government has fulfilled the right way by establishing a grand statue of Gandhiji here. When the non-Congress Janata government was formed in the center first, the collective column of the Kakori column was unveiled at the time of the Kakori Shaheed Semi-centenary celebrations held in 1977 with the collective efforts of the living revolutionaries of that time, the Governor of Uttar Pradesh Ganpatirao Devrao, Keep the memory of it.
In this historic trial, Harakarnath Mishra was appointed the lawyer of the revolutionaries, whereas Jagannarayan Mulla, a well-known lawyer who worked in Jawaharlal Nehru's relationship, was made a public lawyer under a thoughtful strategy. Jagat Narayan did not make any effort to make strict punishments from all the revolutionaries on his behalf. It was the same Jagat Narayan who against his will, in 1916, Bismil took the grand procession of Lokmanya Balgangadhar Tilak in the whole city of Lucknow. In the mainpuri conspiracy, this Mullaji too put a lot of emphasis on the status of a government lawyer, but he could not even break a single hair of Ram Prasad Bismil because Bismil was absconding in the mainpuri conspiracy and for two years by the police Do not come. Execution of sentence and appeal
On 6th April 1927, special sessions Judge Hamilton considered the 115 page verdict on each of the revolutionaries, writing that it is not a simple train robbery, but a planned conspiracy to overthrow the British Empire. However, none of these accused has joined the scheme for their personal benefit, but since no one has repented on their own or nor has promised to keep themselves apart from such activities in the future, so Whatever punishment has been given, it has been understood and there can be no exemption in this condition. Nevertheless, if any of these accusers express remorse in writing and pledges to not do so in the future, then the court can consider their appeal.
In the absconding revolutionaries, Ashfaq Ulla Khan and Shatchinder Nath Bakshi were arrested very soon after police arrested them. An additional case of Kakori Conspiracy was filed in the Court of Special Judge JW Barnet, and on 13th July 1927, repeating the same thing, Ashfaq Ulla Khan was hanged and Shachindranath Bakshi was sentenced to life imprisonment. An appeal was filed in Awadh Chief Court on 18th July 1927 against the decision of the sessions judge. Both cases were presented before Chief Justice Sir Louis Shirt and Special Judge Mohammad Raza. Jagannanayana Mulla was given the task of holding the government, whereas on behalf of the convicted revolutionaries KC Dutt, Jayayantanath Mishra and Kripashankar Hajela lobbied for Rajendra Nath Lahiri, Thakur Roshan Singh and Ashfaq Ulla Khan respectively. Ram Prasad Bismil had lobbied himself because on account of government expenditure, he was given a very simple lawyer named Laxmishankar Mishra, who refused to accept him.
When Bismil argued against the decision in English in front of the Chief Court, then the public prosecutor Mulla ji looked in front of him. Chief Justice Louis Scharts had to ask him on this logic capability of Bismil - "Mr. Ramprasad! From Which University Is You Taking the Degree of Law?" (Ram Prasad! Which university have you taken a degree from law?) He laughed and said, "Excuse me Sir! A Kingmaker's Doctor Recessor Anne Degree." (Sorry Sir, the emperor does not need any degree.) The court rejected the reply by Bismil, on July 18, 1927, asking for his own plea. After that he presented the logical written debate of 76 pages. Judges expressed doubts over the fact that Bismil did not write the debate by writing to any lawyer. Eventually, the court allowed the same Laxmishankar Mishra to debate who had refused Bismil's permission.
Kakori Kand's case was going on in Lucknow. Pandit Jagananayana Mullah was also the shayari of Urdu with the government lawyer. He spoke the word "Muljim" instead of "Muljiman" for the accused. Then what was that, Pandit Ram Prasad 'Bismil' said this tacit touch on him with a tactic: "Please do not say to us, we are sorry, we are brought here by the court, we have brought the Tasherif." From that we have burnt the lamp too often in the windshield. " His saying meant that Muljim is not he (Bismil) but he is Mullah who finds salaries from the government. They (Bismil etc) are political prisoners, so come face to face with them. Along with this, they also warned that they keep on reverting the waves of the ocean from their misery; What is the big deal to overthrow the suit? Well, after speaking so much, who had the courage to follow Bismil? Mulla ji did not want to sweat and he used to be good at cutting corn. They quietly slipped from the back door. Then on that day they did not cross-examine.
All the revolutionaries appealed in the Chief Court except Shatinder Nath Sanyal, Bhupinder Nath Sanyal and Banwar Lal. According to the judgment dated August 22, 1927, according to the life sentence imprisoned under life imprisonment 121 (A) and 120 (B) of IPP, Ramprasad Bismil, Rajendra Nath Lahiri and Ashfaq Ulla Khan and 302 and 396 And Thakur Roshan Singh, in the first two cases, 5 + 5 = total imprisonment of 10 years and according to the next two states, the hanging was ordered. Shatchinder Nath Sanyal, when he was in jail, expressed his regret for writing in writing and had promised to not participate in any revolutionary action in the future. Based on this, his age imprisonment has remained intact. The younger brother of Shatchindra Bhupendra Nath Sanyal and Banwari Lal, who had confessed their offense, had given the Undertaking of the court to face any punishment, so they did not appeal and the orders for the sentence of 5-5 years were kept in force. Despite appealing to the Chief Court, the punishment of Yogesh Chandra Chatterjee, Mukundi Lal and Govindacharan Kar has been increased from 10-10 years to life imprisonment. The decorations of Suresh Chandra Bhattacharya and Vishnushashan Dubshi also remained in place (7-7 years). Due to appealing in written handwriting, only Pranesh Chatterjee's sentence has been reduced from 5 years to 4 years. Ramnath Pandey was the lowest punishment (3 years) in this case. Manmathnath Gupta, who was killed by the bullet, was sentenced from 10 to 14 years. Cartridge used in Kakori Kandh were purchased on the arms-license of Premkrishna Khanna, due to which sufficient evidence was found, Khanna had to face the rigorous imprisonment of 5 years.
The sensation spread all over the country after the decision of Chief Court. Thakur Manjit Singh Rathore informed the Central Legislative Council to bring down the punishment of all the convicts (death sentence) convicts of Kakori Kand, presenting a proposal to change them to life imprisonment (age imprisonment). Many members of the Council gave a memorandum to Sir William Morris, who was then the governor of the United Provinces at that time, but he rejected it.
78 members of the Central Council sent the then Viceroy and Governor-General Edward Friedrich Lindley Wood to Memorial with the signing in Shimla, mainly on which Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya, Mohammad Ali Jinnah, N.C. Kelkar, Lala Lajpat Rai, Govind Vallabh Pant, etc. had signed, but there was no effect on Viceroy. In the end, a delegation of five persons, led by Madan Mohan Malaviya, went to Shimla and met Viceroy and prayed to them that since these four accused have given the undertaking to the government in writing that they will be in any kind of activity in the future. They will not take part and they have also expressed their repentance, so the judgments can be reconsidered. The Chief Court also wrote this in his judgment. Despite this, Viceroy refused them fairly.
Finally, Barrister Mohan Lal Saxena prepared a document of clemency petition in the Privy Council and sent it to the famous advocate SL Pollock, England. But London's judges and legal advisers of the emperor strongly argued that the author of this conspiracy, Ram Prasad Bismil is a very dangerous and professional criminal. If he is given a pardon then he can make a bigger and more terrible future in future. In that situation, it would be impossible for the government to rule in India. The result of this was that the appeals appealed to the Privy Council also got rejected. Hanged in Gorakhpur jail
On December 16, 1927, Bismil sent out the final chapter of his autobiography (last-minute words) and sent him out of the prison. On December 18, 1927, the parents met last night and on December 19, 1927 (Push Krishna Ekadashi Vikrammi Samvat 1984), they were hanged in Gorakhpur district jail on the morning of 6:30 pm. A large number of people gathered at the gate of the jail after hearing the news of Bismil's sacrifice. The main gate of the jail was closed and the body of Besmir was handed over to his family by breaking the wall in front of the executioner. 1.5 lakh people took out the procession and revived the whole city and performed the last rites on Rajghat along the river Rapti.
Being hurt by this incident, Bhagat Singh wrote in the Kirti (Punjabi Monthly) of January 1928 with the name of the 'insurgent' pseudonym: "When you took the hanging, you said very loudly - 'Vande Matram! Bharatmata Ki Jai!' And walking peacefully and said, 'The boss has stayed with you and you are you, the rest should not remain nor remain me, unless you have blood in your blood, you are referring to yourself and your companion!' Standing on the hanging fringe you said - 'I wish the downfall of British Empire! I mean, I want the fall of the British Empire!' After this the lion said - 'Now there are no ohle-valves and the crowd of Armanans, the one who has lost his life now is in the Bismil!' Then prayed to God and began to read a mantra, the rope was drawn. Ramprasad ji hanged on the gallows. "
At the end of his article, Bhagat Singh writes, "Today he is not a hero in this world, but the British government considered his biggest enemy. You had become a threat and were very familiar with the teachings of the battle. You had prepared the knight like the leader of Mainpuri conspiracy Shri Gendalal Dikshit specially by giving education. You had gone to Nepal to flee, now that same education became the cause of your death. Your body was found at 7 o'clock and a huge procession came out. According to a news published in 'Swadesh' your mother said, 'I will die of my son But I am happy, not sad.I wanted a son like Mr. Ramchandra, that was my 'Rama'. Say Sri Ramchandra's Jay! '
His body was going on a procession between perfumes and flowers of rain. The shopkeepers threw prostrate money on their bodies. At 11 noon, your corpse reached the crematorium and ended the final action. The last part of your letter is presented in your service - 'I am very happy. On the 19th, I am ready for what is going to happen in the morning. God will give me great power. I believe that I will soon be born in this country to serve the people. Say hello to everyone. Please do so much work and do so by saying last night to Lord Jagannarayan (public prosecutor, who had laid too much emphasis on execution) on my behalf. They got restless sleeping on our bedside bloodshed. In old age God will give them spirituality. "
The whole heart of Ramprasad ji kept in heart-only-heart. You have made a long-term declaration that we are giving in a second place in a nutshell. Two days before the execution, CID Deputy SP And the Season Judge Hamilton pleads with you to tell you all the things in verbally. You will be given a cash of fifteen thousand rupees and the education of the barrister will be done by sending the solicitation on government expenditure. But when did you care about all these things? You were among those who disobeyed and sometimes took birth. On the day of the trial, the judge asked you - 'What degree do you have?' So you replied laughingly - 'Those who make emperors have no need of degree, Clive did not even have a degree.' Today the hero is not among us, ah! " Establishment of osteography
After the funeral of Bismil, Baba Raghav Das got a place in memory of Brahma in Deoria district near Gorakhpur. Fasting in the revolutionary movement after execution
In 1927, the sacrifice of 3 other revolutionaries along with Bismil rocked the heart of the whole of India. The circumstances arising out of the decision of Kakori Kand on 9th August 1925 changed the condition and direction of the Indian independence struggle. New-new committees have been formed in the form of chinagariis in place of place in the entire country. Many revolutionary organizations were born in Betiya (Bihar), the Hindustani Seva Dal of Hindustani Nath, Sardar Bhagat Singh's Assembly in Punjab and Sukhdev's secret society in Lahore (now in Pakistan). The fire of revolution in the corner-corner of India was spread like a fire. Pratap of Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi from Kanpur and newspapers such as Dasharath Prasad Dwivedi from Gorakhpur were airing this fire.
A prominent revolutionary Chandrashekhar Azad of the Kakori riot, which Ram Prasad Bismil used to be called Quik Silver, because of his flawless nature like mercury, kept changing the Bhas in the whole of India. He contacted the main organizations of different committees and carried out all revolutionary activities in a formula. On 8th September 9, 1989, a new revolutionary party was formed by the name of RRA by merging HR.A., Youth Assembly, Hindustani Seva Dal and Secret Committee in Ferooshaah Kotla Delhi. The party had to liberate the country after going on Bismil's road, but the Daman Chakra of the British Empire did not let it go. Historical stone in Nalgarha village near Noida-Greater Noida Express Way, used by Bhagat Singh to make bombs
In protest of the Simon Commission on October 30, 1928, Lala Lajpat Rai was badly injured by Barber Lathi Charge of Deputy Superintendent J. P. Saunders and died on 17 November 1928. Four youths of HSRA, who were hurt by this incident, went to Lahore on 17th December 1928 and killed the day-long Saunders and fled. Sardar Bhagat Singh, the chief accused in the murder of Saunders was looking for the police in Punjab, while he was going to Calcutta in the European disguise and was engaged in mobilizing the techniques and materials to build bombs from the revolutionaries of Bengal. While staying in the village Nalgarha, 20 miles away from the Greater Noida Express Way, from Delhi, Bhagat Singh prepared two bombs and went with Batukeshwar Dutt and exploded at Central Central Assembly in Delhi on April 8, 1929 when the government passed the anti-people law Was going. This explosion may not have affected the deaf government, but it has certainly done wonderful public awareness in the whole country. Homepage of Tribune published March 25, 1931 from Lahore (hanged to Bhagat Singh)
After the bombing, both of them "Inklab! Zindabad !!" And "imperialism! Murder !!" Let's shout loudly and bounce the HSRA's pamphlet into the air. Security personnel present in the assembly - Sergeant Terry and Inspector Johnson arrested them and sent them to jail. This sensational news spread all over the country the next day. This news was printed from Allahabad on the occasion of May 4, 1929: Bomb Case of Assembly: It is related to Kakori case. Under section 307 of IPC and Section 3 of the Explosive Act, both of them were sentenced to life imprisonment in different jails. In connection with the demand for facilities like political prisoners in prison, when both started hunger strike, another case was attached to Saunders-Slaughter, which was known as the Lahore Conspiracy case. In this case, a total of 24 people were nominated, 5 of them were absconding, 1 had already been convicted and the remaining 18 cases were registered. One of them - Yatindranath Das's Borschal Jail, died from hunger strike continuously in Lahore; 3 out of 17 survived, hanged, 7 sentenced to life imprisonment, one was punished for seven years and one was sentenced to 5 years. Three were released by the tribunal. The remaining three accused left the court due to lack of evidence.
All three convicts - Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev, who were sentenced to death, refused to appeal. Only 3 out of the other convicted accused appealed to the Privy Council. Appeals were heard at the Privy Council of London on February 11, 1931. Advocate print on behalf of the accused had sought the permission of the debate, but they were not granted permission and the appeal was rejected without hearing the debate. Chandrasekhar Azad tried his best to reduce the sentence. He meets the Ganesh Shankar student in Hardoi jail. In consultation with the student, he went to Allahabad and met Jawaharlal Nehru at his Anand Bhawan in his residence and urged him to insist on turning on the death sentence of Lord Irwin from Gandhigiri to life imprisonment. When Nehru did not listen to Azad, Azad argued with them for a long time. On this, Nehru was angry and asked Azad to leave immediately from there. Azad murmured with his pillow "Sasala" and got out of Nehru's drawing room and sat on his bicycle and headed towards Alfred Park. In Alfred Park, one of his friends had been praying to Sukhdevraaj, then only then S. S.N. A large number of them followed the police from the Colganj police station. Azad received Veergati in the fierce firing from both sides. This is the event of 27th February 1931. Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru were hanged in the Central Jail of Lahore on March 23, 1931, 13 hours before the scheduled time, at 7 pm in the evening. This was an open violation of the rules of the jail manual, but who was going to listen? The news of the hanging of these three got hit in the whole country. The Hindu-Muslim riots broke out in Kanpur, in which the well-wishers of the revolutionaries Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi also became martyrs in an attempt to calm down. Thus, the proclamation of 11 Narsingh's freedom of the country went up one by one from December 1927 to March 1931.
In addition to the revolutionary activities of North India, the history of the events of Bengal is also documented in history. There were also many revolutionaries of Bengal in the Hindustan Republican Association, the reason for the execution of Rajendranath Lahiri, two days before the scheduled date on December 17, 1927, was only because the revolutionaries of Bengal had a day before the fixed date of death ie 18 On December 1927, he had planned to get rid of Gonda jail. It was reported to the British government by the CID. On January 13, 1928, Manindranath Banerjee, on the eve of Chandrasekhar Azad, who was promoted to the position of DSP, his uncle, who was promoted to play a key role in Kakori Kand, was killed by his service revolver. . In December 1929, the raid was carried out in the house of Niranjan Sengupta, located at Fishery Market street, in which 27 criminals were arrested and the case was pronounced and 5 were punished. On April 18, 1930, an attempt was made to rob the Chittagong Armory under the leadership of Master Surya Sen, in which Surya Sen and Tarakeshwar Dastibar were hanged and 12 others were sentenced to life imprisonment. On August 8, 1930, K. K. Shukla shot the commissioner of Jhansi Commissioner Smith, he got death penalty. On October 27, 1930, the members of the League of Legislative Assembly tried to loot the treasury of Talla tehsil in Calcutta under the leadership of Suresh Chandra Das, all caught and punished for black money. In April 1931, Memon Singh Dakati was cast, in which Gopal Acharya, Satish Chandra Homi and Hemendra Chakraborty got life imprisonment. "Do not die, shoot!" The slogan was given by Lal Bahadur Shastri in 1942, which thwarted the revolution of the revolution.
All these incidents also had widespread impact on the Congress party. The young man like Subhash Chandra Bose was vociferously opposing Gandhi's policies. Those Gandhis who had disappeared completely from the window of politics from 1922 to 1927, now, after the sacrifice of Ramdasad Bismil and his colleagues, the same Gandhiji started changing their minds and becoming the President of the Manmarija and implementing the desired policies in the Congress. When he was fed up with them, Subhash Chandra Bose had twice won the post of Congress President in Tripuri in the year 1938 and in the Haripura election in 1939, he had mistreated Gandhian to show the mirror. But Gandhī started lobbying Subhash by lobbying in the Congress Working Committee, which became unhappy and left Congress and formed his own separate party under the name of Forward Block. After that, when he thought that if Gandhiji would meet with the government and stay away from his work, he left India one day and reached Japan and took control of I.N.A. ie Azad Hind Fauj.
Seeing England in the second world war, as soon as Netaji slammed the Azad Hind Fauj for "let's go to Delhi", Gandhiji thought, on the night of August 8, 1942, from Bombay, on the night of August 8, 1942, Quit India "and issued an order to" do or die "to Indians and went to the Aga Khan Palace located in Yerawada (Pune) in government security. On 9th August 1942, a small person like Lal Bahadur Shastri turned this movement into a vicious form. Shastri ji was arrested on August 1, 1942. On 9th August 1925, for the purpose of overthrowing the British government, ten belligerent workers of the Hindustan Freedom Movement under the leadership of 'Bismil' had performed kakori in the memory of the "Kakori Kanda Smriti - Day" Bhagat Singh had started the tradition of celebrating and on this day a large number of young people were gathered. Gandhari chose a day on 9th August 1942 under a thoughtful strategy.
All the members of the Congress Working Committee were arrested before the day on 9th August 1942 and Congress was declared an illegal organization. With the Gandhian ji, the British Empire, along with Gandhiji, had been suppressed by Sarojini Naidu with all the facilities in Aga Khan Palace of Yervada (Pune), to keep Dr Rajendra Prasad in detention in Patna jail and all other members in Ahmednagar's fort. There is no harm to any of them with force-use in suppressing the movement. According to official statistics, 940 people were killed in the mobilization of 1630, 18,000 detained in DDR and 60229 arrested. These statistics of crushing the movement were presented by the Honorable Home Members in Delhi's Central Assembly.
From 1943 to 1945, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose led the Azad Hind Fauj. His soldiers "Sarfaroshi ki tamanna, is in our heart now, see how much force is in the Bapu-i-killer?" As the speech-song and "step-by-step, let's sing songs of joy; this life is of the community, you will be looted by the community." Like the soldiers of the military band singing with the tune of the band, the path of Singapore reached Kohima (Nagaland). Only then did Netaji have to change his strategy due to the US nuclear strike on Japan. As soon as they got ready to go to Russia as soon as they landed at Taihoku Airbase of Pharmosa, on August 18, 1945, their 97-2 model Heavy Bomber Plane caught fire. He was taken to Taihoku Army Hospital where he died at 9 p.m. in the injured.
The news of Netaji's death and the trial of the Azad Hind Fauj commanders stormed the whole of India. As a result, after the Second World War, the navy soldiers descending on the Bombay Highway rebelled. The naval rebellion started from Bombay on February 18, 1946, spread to all the ports and metropolitan cities of the country. On February 21, 1946, the British Army opened fire on our navy soldiers, which resulted in 228 people killed and 1046 injured only on 22 February 1946. This was the worst repression of the time that the cruel British government did in India. Bismil's Revolutionary Philosophy Picture of the release of Bismil books. From the left, writer, publisher, Vijay Kumar Malhotra and former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee (on the right-hand side)
If you were able to get rid of the British Empire from India, then innumerable heroes gave their priceless sacrifices, but Ram Prasad Bismil was an amazing revolutionary who, despite being born into a very poor family, despite the simple education, on the strength of the extraordinary talent and Akhand Purushartha, In the name of Sangh, there was a nation-wide organization, in which one-to-one, a bright and appealing bride Wak, who could make radical change in the system of this country on one of their warnings, but the painting of non-violence was given by the cruel conspiracy to destroy them one by one, the picture of Indian paper is given on paper currency. While in America, one and two US Dollars still print a picture of George Washington, who fought directly in a face-to-face fight against the British from the British.
The first book of the bismil was printed in 1916, the name of which was the history of American independence. Bismil's birth centenary year: 1996-99 7, this book was again published in independent India, which was re-released by former Prime Minister of India, Atal Bihari Vajpayee. "In that program, the then Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) leader, Prof. Rajendra Singh (Ranju Bhaiya) In this entire granthavala, in addition to nearly two hundred prohibited poems of Bismil, five books were also included in the evening. But till now no government has attempted to understand and investigate the revolution of Bismil, while the book written by Gandhiji on the ship of water while returning to India from Gandhinagar in 1909, Hind Swaraj There are many seminars on which there is a need to create dreams of innumerable martyrs like Bismil, India. Literature
Bismil was a writer and he wrote several poems, ghazals and books. Some of the major poems and ghazals are being given below. Poems and ghazals
In the year 1985, an Indian representative in the international symposium on India and World literature organized in Vigyan Bhavan, New Delhi, along with his own article had presented some popular poems of Pandit Ram Prasad Bismil in the bilingual poetry version (Hindi-English) His book has been quoted with respect to the English WikiSource so that the readers of Hindi also enjoy these compositions. Switch to. Books
The names of the books of Ramprasad 'Bismil' are given, their names are as follows: Autobiography
Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi from Prashap Press, Kanpur, with the title of Bachilil's autobiography, in Hindi, a book named Kakori Conspiracy named Bhajan Lal Bookelar in Art Press Sindh (now Pakistan) and Kakori's martyr. The impression was. Translated from the name of Bhishma, the name of the superintendent Government Press Allahabad, which was published in English in 1929. During the British Raj, the Intelligence Department of Agra and Awadh of the United Provinces sent this book to the police officers of each district.
In addition to Hindi-English:
Its translation has been published in eight languages. Hindi literature writer Shrikrishna Sakhal, who wrote the highest number of books on the life of revolutionaries, has described Bismil's autobiography as an ideal guidebook for young people in his book Krantikari Kaushal. In this, their eleventh-year-old revolutionary life has been squeezed. After reading it, what kind of youth can be, the system of transit or violence can not be the path of violence. Research and publication of Bismil's literature
He wrote several books in the revolutionary life of eleven years. Of which eleven books could be published in their lifetime. All those books were confiscated in the British Raj. Here are the details of the authentic books which are available in libraries at this time, after extensive research in independent India: Other people's thoughts on Bismil Bhagat Singh
Bhagat Singh wrote an article about the Kakori martyrs in January 1928. Bhagat Singh writes about Bismil in the title article of the circumstances of the death of Kakori martyrs:
"Mr. Ramprasad Bismil was a promising young man and was very beautiful in sight and was very good, knowing people were born in some other place or any other country or any other time. You became the leader of the entire conspiracy, even though not too much, but even then Pandit Jaggalan, like the Jagannarayan, was forgotten by a public prosecutor. Minister wrote, so that the hand must be an intelligent and capable man had to say to the judges to write it. " Rajj bhaiya
Rashjoo Bhaiya, the fourth Sarsanghchalak of the RSS, has written about Bismil in a book:
"My father was an engineer in Shahjahanpur, around 1921-22, near him, and Mr. R. Prasad, the father of Mr. Ram Prasad, was also the father of Mr. Premkrishna Khanna, a key ally of Kakori Kand in the colony of the engineers. With Prem krishna Khanna most often used to come to meet the people of this colony. My father used to tell me that 'Bismil' ji had immense faith in everyone's mind. 4. His life was pure and simple, due to regular yoga and exercise every day, the body was strong and strong and strong and was full of pride, and the impression of his fast and happiness remained on him throughout life. Often used to tell many things about 'Bismil'. " - Prof. Rajendra Singh Sarsanghchalak Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh Ram Vilas Sharma
Eminent thinker of Hindi, Ramvilas Sharma has made a big dislike about Bismil in his book Independence: In the changing perspective:
"It is so low that a revolutionary should describe the image of another revolutionary and both should be martyred." Ramprasad Bismil died on December 19, 1927, before that, in May 1927 Bhagat Singh introduced 'Kakori's heroes' He wrote the article. He wrote about Bismil - "Where can such young people meet? You are great in the field of martial arts and today the reason for them being punished is very much This warrior got the punishment of hanging and you laughed. Such a fearless hero, such a beautiful young man, it is difficult to find such a worthy and highly regarded writer and a fearless warrior. ' From 1922 to 1927, Ram Prasad Bismil completed a long thoughtful journey. The next episode was Bhagat Singh. " Commentary for quotes Also see them Ram Prasad is the original literature related to the article 'Bismil' in Wikisource.
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