History of Malayalam Literature

History of Malayalam Literature, see the history of Malayalam literature for the book: Godam Nair.

Correct and reliable evidence is not available in connection with the origins of Malayalam language or its literature. Yet the ancientity of Malayalam literature has been considered for almost a thousand years. Regarding language, we have only reached this conclusion that this language is not Sanskritic - it is a member of the Dravid family. But it is still debatable that it is a branch separated from Tamil, or is a language that keeps its existence separate from other Dravidian languages ​​developed from the Dravidian language. That is, the problem is that Tamil and Malayalam's relationship is of mother or daughter or sister-sister. Research is the solution of this puzzle by language scientists and they can solve this problem. Whatever the case, there is no doubt that the literature of Malayalam was only started to flourish while Tamil literature had flourished. Like the Sanskrit literature, we can also call Tamil literature as Sroatswini, the thirsty thief of Malayalam.

From 3100 BC to 100 BC it was a local form of ancient Tamil. Sanskrit influenced by the first century BC. From the third century to the middle of the fifteenth century, Malayalam is considered to be the medieval period. Jains in this period also influenced the language. In modern times, there was a change in 1795 when the entire British rule was established on this state.

Ramacharitam poetry

Malayalam is the musical of Prabhat songs in the history of literature. Among them are devotional songs, along with songs of Viraras and Humoras, adult poetry also exists. The position of "Ramcharitam" is the most important in this Adult composition. Its language is so close to Tamil that some Tamil scholars understood it as the composition of Tamil, but today it has been undoubtedly proven that Ramcharitam is Malayalam poetry and its author is Keralas. Its content is the story of Ramayana's Lankakanda. The poet of Kerala's Chiraman has composed it. Researchers are of the opinion that Rammacharitam's composition is 13th century.

From the first to the eighth century AD, in the Cher State, which later became Kerala, many well-known Tamil compositions were born. We can take an example of high quality poets like "Chilappatikam" But counting in Ramchrirtam in this category, i.e. Keralites composed by the Keralites, would be misleading. Ramcharitam was composed during that time when the spread of Sanskrit had accumulated in Kerala and a mixed language named Manipravalaam was developing. In Ramcharitam, the use of similar and confusing words of Sanskrit is abundant. But due to written by the Dravidian letters, there has been a slight change in their forms. Manipraval literature

From the seventh century AD to a short period of time, the Aryavansh Nimtirians have had a major influence in the cultural sector of Kerala. Most of the proposals are of the opinion that they had already come to Kerala. With this effect, the development of a mixed language named Manipravallam in Kerala was developed. During the 10th and 15th century AD Manipraval literature was highly confirmed. Through this Manipraval, many of the Sanskrit poetry transitions were done in Malayalam. Examples of Champu poetry, message poetry etc. can be taken by us. "Unanichchi Charitam", "Unnichichitavecharitam" and Unaniyati "Charitam" are ancient Manipravall Champu, the composition of Unniichi Charitam is the earliest of the 14th century.Unionichtiritam was written around 1350 AD and the author is Damodar Chakar, author of Unanichchi Charitam, poem named Tevan Chirikuman. It is considered to be the contemporary of Unchichiritvi Charitimko, but this is the composition of which poet, is this composition? The relations have no idea. As is known by their names, have their content commendation of some famous beauties.

The message "Vaishnunisandesham" and "Cokasandesham" are important in poetry. It is believed that the composition of both is 14th Century. There is nothing to know about the creators of these creatures.

Between the 10th and the 15th centuries some small manipravel creations were also formed. Most of these are compositions of Shringaras associated with some luxurious beauties. The description of the heroines like Eliichi, Cheriichi, Uttrachandrika, Kounototra, Mallinilas, Charaah etc. are included, "Vaishikantranam" is a collection of all the letters given to a Vaishyaputri; It is probably the eleventh century. Devotional works also come in Manipravall literature. Anantapurvarnamam, Srikrishnastavam, Dashavatacharitam, etc. are examples of these. "Chandrotsavam is the composition of an anonymous poet of the 15th century. The description of the moon festival is celebrated by a composer called" Medinivannialov ".

The spread of Manipravall literature inspired the composition of a scripture describing grammar rules and literary features of that alphabet. The name of this book is "Leelitham". It can be assumed that "lilatilkam" has been written in the 14th century.

If Manipravall literature was developed on one side, the poetry called "Pattu" (song) on ​​the other hand also increased. As mentioned above, this branch has many folk songs related to religious and farming and other occupations. Tornam Pattu (Avatargee - Kalistuti), Sarpam Pattu (Sarpastuti song), Ayyappa, Pattoo (praise of Ayyappa Deity) etc. is related to ethics and religious themes. Krishipattu (agricultural song), Arupattu (song sung during paddy plantation), Vallappattu (boat song) etc. come in second class. The core components of these songs are vowel, rhythm and rhythm.

Adult songs are different from folk songs. The above mentioned "Ramcharitam" is the first mention in this department. The definition given for adult pattu poetry in Leelatilakam fits in it. The words used in later "Niranam" songs are not only made of plain letters. It is full of such Sanskrit posts which it shows that adequate publicity of Sanskrit letters had been done till this time. This opinion has been recognized that Niranam songs have been written between the first half of the 14th century and the first half of the 15th century. The periods of Ramcharitam and Niranam songs have no difference between one and a half centuries. Yet the language difference between these two is very clear. From this, it is estimated that although Manipravala had developed in Ramcharitam, in this verse it was intentionally used only to write the letters written by Tamil characters.

Niranam poets are three - Madhav Panikkar, Shankar Panikkar and Ram Panicker. The Bhagavad Gita, translated by Madhav Panikkar, honored the language - this is the first and the foremost among the lyricistes in the regional languages ​​of India. It has translated into seven hundred verses in 328 songs. In the translation of the intent of the Gita and the significance of the Gita, not only has not disappeared. Shankar Panikkar's composition is "Bharatmala". Ram Panikkar translated briefly to Ramayana, Bharat and Bhagwat. This statement will not be wrong that this poet, who provides strength to stand on his feet, can be considered as the father of language - although in the view of the historians, the titles are entitled to this title; In my view, it will be delightful to provide the above mentioned title to this poet, who is known by the name of Kannashashn as he is also eligible for the Acharya of Achodhachtachhan.

All the above mentioned poetry are rehearsals of myths. But the "Krishnagatha", which came into the fifteenth century, is not merely a rehearsal of Puranas. In it, the description of the Krishna Gatha described in the Dasham section of Bhagwat has been proved in such a way that the formation of Sanskrit epics is in the verses of the holy verse - which is one of the manifest forms of the Dravidian verses. Therefore, you can consider Krishnagatha as the first independent epic of Malayalam. Famous Krishnagathakar, by the name of poet of the season, gave a new look to the beauty treatises by nature descriptions. Harmonious gambling, fine and tender expressions, perpetual fantasies - due to them, the Gangaatha has become a hypnotism. Well-known poet elephant

देखें - तुंचत्तु रामानुजन एषुत्तच्छन

Tunchatu Ramanujan Ashkhatthakshan

The most important department of the Pattoo Branch is "KiliPattu". Contemporary Assult is considered to be the founder of this genre. In it there is a narrative of "Kili" meaning parrot, hence it is called Kilipattu. The era of Erosion is the first of the 16th century. In this era, Kerala was experiencing a kind of political, social and cultural dysfunction. The people of Kerala still admire Ashtuchchhun in the form of Divine Men, who are the descendants of Divya, to promote Kerala from this degeneration. He enlightened the public with the exhortation of devotion. Namdev, Kabir, Chaitanya, Surdas, Tulsidas, Manikkachachkar, Kampar etc. are from the devotees poised from the direction of Kerala in the Bhosari Nabhom Mandal. Like all of them, Ashutaktun also managed to awaken and enlighten the masses. Through the short translation of the Ramayana, Bharat and Bhagwat, Ashoktachhna got the direct entry into the hearts of all Keralites. Carly received a fresh gravity, seriousness, decency and self-reliance. In this sense, Ashoka is considered as the father of Malayalam literature. They are the only poets who are equally absorbed in huts and palaces.

The second devotional song in "PATTU" section is "Gyanappaana" of "Puthanam". Other songs of Purnanam are also filled with fine, gentle and devotional worship.

Other notable compositions of this department are some folk songs and some of the noteworthy songs of poetry known by the names of "Vatakkan Pattu" (northern song) and "Tekan patta" (southern song). As is known by the names, these songs are serials of North and South Kerala respectively. The language of the northern songs resembles the modern Malayalam, but in southern songs the language is more closely related to Tamil. In southern songs composed between 16th and 18th centuries, the influence of Tamil probably indicates close contact with Tamil regions of South Kerala, but not the lack of independent development of language. The poets of South were scholars of Bilingual (Tamin and Malayalam).

The second phase of Champu Kaviyon under the Manipraval movement is re-seen in the 15th century. Although more than three hundred Champu poetry were created during this period, it is also worth mentioning that the Ramayana of the republics and the translation of Mashamangalam Narayan Namputiri etc. are very special attention. Poonam should be in the middle of the 15th century or the second half of the 16th century. The period of ethnic cleansing is the middle of the 16th century. Although according to Vikrama, the noble Manipalwal should have had the prominence of Malayalam, yet the language of the Sanskrit language has been adopted in these temples. Such a situation arose that the knowledge of Sanskrit became mandatory to understand most of the Champs. For this reason, Manipraval literature has gone away from the general public. Dancing format: Krishnattam, Ramanattam

Atkkatha is a literature department affiliated with choreography. The name of this form is named "Kathakali". Atakkatha is a prolific library of Malayalam. Today, Kathakali receives international honor. Its basic literature has made great contribution in providing this position to this artificial character.

In the second half of the 17th century Manavad king of Koshikot composed the Sanskrit poetry called "Krishnagati". Depending on this, the choreography "Krishnatattam" also came to light. In it, the plot of Sri Krishna's story was planned in eight days.

Another dance form of Lord Krishna watched "Ramanattam" was also invented. In the basic literature of this art form, the Ramakatha was divided into eight playable segments. Its creator is King of Kottarkar. There are two opinions about their life. Some people consider them to be the seventeenth century, from the second 15 to the 16th century. In today's Ramanattam, the nature of Kathakali is visible.

Raja of Kottayam, whose lifetime is considered the last phase of the 17th century, by modifying and finishing Ramanattam, develops the modern form of Kathakali. His compositions are four - all are based on the anecdotes of Mahabharata. Kartik Thirunal, Ashwavati Tirunal (that is, the day of these constellations) etc. The kings also have the "Nalacharitam" composed by Udayayi Warrior masterpiece in Atakkanthas. Nalcharitam is an actor in four nights. Some scholars consider the Udayayi Warrior to be the first and last foot of the 16th century and the 17th century, while the second 17th and 18th centuries, This antitrust poet inaugurated an Amod path for the Atkakanths. This poet is blessed with unimaginable post-planning-style, unimaginable thought and serious life-style.

Some scholars believe that the song management named "Girijakalyanam" is written by the UNDayari warrior. It is composed in a melodious style in the verses of Kilippattu. Tulu Ingredients Purifier Kanchan Nampyar

In the 18th century, a great fast: the rise of the pulse - the instructor of the low-literary arts Kanchan Nampyar. It is possible that the formulas such as the tulu are already there. But there is no doubt that this talented poet developed the thrill as a movement. In such a way, you can call the knockdown as a dancing monologue. Thullal song is the basis of its literature. Nampyar has done the anecdote of the Puranas as the plot of the songs. Nevertheless, the atmosphere in the narrative is not going to be mythological and will match the contemporary life of Kerala. Nampyar, through mythological episodes, has attacked sharp personalities on the individual and social vendors of the then life. The aim of the sharp edge of this joke was to tear off the skin of the body. The highly affluent Khelvalaok of Satiar Vidyarthi is seen in low literary literature. Nobody comes forward in this matter, neither before them nor later. If gags are to be successful, then subtle, ruthless and comprehensive insensitivity is expected. Due to this abundance of accomplishment, Nampyar's humor is ideal. The flames of jealousy do not sting in their comedies and feelings, but the heart's sympathy and the chaitanya of human love are spontaneous.

Another important composition of the Pattoo branch is "Kunal Vastatam" Vanchipattu (Nokajit) of the poet Rampuram Warrior of the first half of the 18th century (1703-1763). In the beginning, there was not a special progress in prose literature in Malayalam. In the 10th or 11th century, the language of "Kachiyattham" written for the performance of Kautiyattam, "Aattaprakram", a 14th century "Dutvakyam" prose, the same century "Brahmandapuraanam" prose, "Ambarishacharitam", "Devi Bhagavatam", etc. All may regard donations of ancient times for prose literature. The oriental Christian preachers write some prose texts in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. These include "Short Vedartham", "Vedantarkam" etc. The "first book" is the first ever travel literature (the end of the 18th century).

After the Kanchan Nampiar period for some time, darkness is dark. No light has emerged in this period till about half a century. Later it was a good morning for the era of Swati Tirunal (King). Iryimiman Tampi (1783-1856) Kelimanur Koyyantampuran etc. The Atkkakakarmas found the help of Swatitirunal. Swati Tirunal was a poet herself and she also wrote songs in Hindi. Drama, Epic, and Novels

After this, the era of Kerala Verma Koyitpuran (1845) starts the modern era of Malayalam literature. Under the leadership of this talented writer, honored with the title of Literature, a Renaissance came in the literature. The poem "Myursansandam", the translation of the play "Shakuntalam" and the novel Akbar is the main in his writings. With the translation of his Shakuntala, the translations of Sanskrit dramas in Malayalam Chettukutti Mannatiyar, Kunigkuttutan Tampuran, Kottatarital Shankunni etc. confirmed this branch. Independent Malayalam dramas were also written in the form of culture plays. Bhagirayay Rajaraj Verma of Kerala Verma also translated the texts of Kalidas etc. These Rajraj Verma had given a Malayalam grammar, "Keralapaniinam", and "Vrittamjari", a treatise for scriptural literature. These are also inspiration and guides for everyone like their matuli. In this era, the matrilineas were the originators of the great dispute that had arisen between the parties and opponents of the second letter (in the second letter of each line of the verses). In this dispute, the first echo of the call of Romanticism is called "towards spirit".

In the same period, Malayalam epics were composed in the form of simulators of Sanskrit epics. After the Krishnagatha, an epic - "Shrikrishnacharitam" - was composed in Maniphaval (most scholars consider it the creation of Kanchan Nampyar). After this epic, at least one century has passed since the era of simulatory epics begins. "Ramachandravilasam" of Ajtak Padmanabha Kurup, "Bijamangadacharitam" and "Vijayodayam" of Pantlamme Kerala Verma, "Umakaralam" of Ulhur, "Kalyogom" of Vallatol, "Keshavyam" of K. Keshav Pilla, "Kanchunwandhichi Kochrunni Vasantishnsham" of Kutumbhaloor Kochurni "Pandovodim", Vatakkumkur Rajaraj Verma's "Raghuveervijayam" and "Raghavabhyudam", "Shreyeshuvivyam" of Kattakkum Cherian Mappila, etc. B Epic. They were written between 1902 and 1917.

The rise of novels in prose-literature also took place in the Kerala Verma era in the nineteenth century. The first novel Appu Network is written "drowsiness". In a two year (in 1889), Chanu Menon published Induleekha. Chanu Menon wrote the first part of the novel "Sharda" - and the heaven came to Sidra before composing the other part. Indulekekha and Sharda are still located in the first class of the Malayalam novels of Malayalam. Menon's talent is unique in social novelists.

The author of the three historical novels "Martand Verma" (1891) "Dharmaraja" (1913) and "Ramaraja Bahadur" (1917-20), author C.V. Raman Pillah is famous in the field of historical novels. The significance of his social "Premamritam" is not so much. It seems that the purpose of his life was to increase the dignity of Malayalam by historical novels.

There were many famous poets in Kerala Verma's contemporary poets. Poetottam Nampati, Vannimi father and son, Kotungalur Kunikikkuttan Tampuran, Kochuriman Tampuran etc. gave birth to a new poetic form. They were all ready to use simple language. This trend was developed in the form of "Pach Malayalam" (pure and Sanskrit-free language) movement. Kundikkuttan Tampuran, (Nal language - good language) Kundur Narayan Menon (Nalu language-language - four language poetry) etc. were expert in this type of language experiment. But sorry that the "pacha malayalam" movement was over prematurely. Nevertheless, poetry and attitude adopted by the poets such as Vaamanni etc. have put an impact on the poets further. The Manipraval period's make-up trend has got admission in a new form in his poetry. The peer poet of this movement, Kunnikuktan Tamperan, is therefore not considered to be the epoch, that he wrote some poems in pure Malayalam. But the reason for this is that during the period of just two years of his short life he showed a miracle that can not be considered as a man. This great poet succeeded in translation of the entire Mahabharata in Malayalam, in Malayalam and in Hindi. The poet did not even spend three years in completing the work that required the cultivation of three generations in Telugu to finish the work! The stream of poetry was flowing from their mouths, not that they were "writing" the poem. His title of "Saras-quick-poet-kirit-mani" was meaningful to him. It was also right to call them "Kerala Vyas". Nontraditional movement

We now come in the era of Malayalamism's Romanticist movement (i.e. romanticism, which is famous in the name of a fictional departure in Malayalam). V. C. Balakrishna Panikkar's "Oru Vilapam" (1895) etc. is remembered in this context. But Kuman Ashan's "Veena Poovu" (Patit Kusum) is the most important among the early compositions of this movement. Malayalam's Romanticism is flourished and flourished as a poem of Ashan. Nalini, Leela, Kuntiphyanya Sita, Chandal Bhankhi, Prorodanam, Durrvasta, Karuna etc. are the main compositions of this. Ashan, who succeeded in exposing the poetry, was fond of serious philosophies, lifelong awareness and acute gravity. Ashan was the poet who conveyed the makeup to the purest pureness from the normal surface. The beautiful imagination of spiritual love has imparted his poetry.

The success of Walttol was that he could present the mental sense of human beings in a beautiful form by applying the fiction of fantasy. In 1909, he translated the Balmiki Ramayana. In 1910 wrote a villain named "Badhirivlapam". After this he wrote many dramatic emotions - Ganapati, Bandhanasthani Aniruddhan, Oru Katu (a letter), Shishyanum Makanum (disciple and daughter), Magdalen Mari Yama, Sachanum Makanum (Father daughter) Kochuchisita etc. In 1924, the literary minds created by patriotism of Vallatol were created by those who made them sit in the office of the National Congress. Enray Gurunathan (my Gurunath) etc. are very popular in those lyrics. Valtattol was beloved to walk with the soft and intimate expressions of life. They did not have the tendency to cry and stand in darkness. It is true that they are also full of sighs after seeing the fallen flowers, but there is more inclination to express their gratitude than seeing the developed Sumanas, instead of shedding tears.

By creating an epic called "Umakaaralam" in his poetic poetry, Amarkavale Ullur has composed many pieces and lyrical poems. Pingala, Karnabarashanam, Bhatdeepipika, Chitrashala etc. and the collection of poetry collections of Kiranavali, Taraharam, Tarangani etc. have made them prosperous in Malayalam. But the memory of this great scholar and linguist literary will probably be mainly in the heart of Malayalam lovers as the author of Kerala Sahitya Charmaam.

Other names of some of the poets of this time are: Nalappattu Narayan Menon (his best composition is Kannunirutuli tachyache, which is a villain); Kairavapututt, Keshavan Nair (Kaviyopharam Nivyopharam etc.); K. K. (Many lyrics and a lamentation, vapor, written by them), etc.. The poets have been born in the first decade of the 20th century, G. Shankar Kurup, Vaniikkulum Gopal Kurup, P Kunyiramaran Nair etc. Itappalli poem bay (Itappalli Raghavan puppy and Chadanganshasha Krishna puppy), Valopappilli Sridhar Menon etc. are a few years later. Itpspali poets, particularly Changungampu, have done more than a decade of work in the world, so much in Pururoyu is complete by some work. Their debt is immovable for Malavalam movement's movement. G. Shankar Kupur, Balamani Amma, P. Kunjiram Nair, etc. have also completed this movement.

In the lyrics of the first Jnanpith awardee G. Shankar Kurup, in the Indian life of 20th century, there has been such depiction of sufferings, paranoia, disillusiones, waitings, desires and desire interviews that they reach the depths of conscience. In addition to that, those songs express the spiritual and mental biases of the human being in symbolic or otherwise. G. Shankar Kurup's position is paramount in the category of poets who took up the autonomous branch of the Malayalam city today. (Ottakkushal, Pathayam, Vithyanikamam etc.), a collection named Vishavdarshanam has received the Sahitya Akademi award.Balamani Amma, P. Kunjaramn Nair, Itappali Kavidyavai and Vaaloppilli have also presented their blessings to this branch. The poetry of Amma is the divine manifestation of motherhood. His compositions provide interviews of a cognition board which In his poetic collections, "Sopanam" is the main one, a collection named Matashshi (Grandmother) has received the Academy Award.) Kangariram Nair is a highly influential poet, interested in exchanging himself on personal cognition. In considering the social relations of the person. (Poetics) "Poukkam" (Kheri of flowers) and Tamrattoni (Kamal Yacht) are famous in poetry collections. Rthwadi approaches Apnanewale poet. His compositions comes poems revolutionary first-class Mlyalm.

Chingampusha is known as 'Gan Gandharva' of Malayalam. No other poet has compiled so much melodrama in poetry. His dramatic emotion "Ramanan" has become a classic. As many copies of Ramanan have been sold, there will probably have been no composition except Ashtamatam Ramayana of Ashoktachchhuna. Many of their rows are memorable for every Keralite.

Because of the scientific life analysis, the perception of the unbridled life and the revolutionary approach towards human life, the place of Velloppilis is important. In the revolutionary poetry of Malayalam, their "kutiyausikkal" (derived from the house) is unique. Nobody has been able to paint such a poignant illustration of the pain of middle-class poet.

Although the poetry of ONV Kurup started as a revolutionary poet, even today he is a Romanticist. There are two other special poets in the mind of Tirunaloor Karunakaran and Poonlun Balan Krantikari Kavita - then their styles are different. The visionary approach towards life is philosophical. Vishnu Narayanan Namputiri, Ramkrishnan etc. are the emerging poets. P. Bhaskaran and Vayalar Ramvarma went into the field of film songs after getting their reputation as revolutionary poets. N.N.Kkkat, Madhavan Ayyappatt, Ayyapp Panikkar and NN Palur are well-versed in the use of the latest in English in Malayalam. The latest theory in poetry is that attracting attention is the goal of poetry. This method was adopted in poems of the above poets. Akkittam Achyutan is a poet portraying the path paved by Nampooti Etshareri and N. V. Krishna Warri. His poetry "Iruptamam Nurantintirh Historyam" (epic of the 20th century) is very similar to the Kotiishikkal of Vaupalpilli. In the absence of any goal, the noble ideals of revolution, which are misleading, are heard in the poem of the elongated soul of the modern human wandering soul. Modern prose literature

Development of Malayalam literature of novel literature, drama literature and story literature also took place in the 20th century. After some time, after the Menon and C. V. Raman puppy, simulators were primarily in the novel branch. The historical novel "Bhooter Menon" written by Appan Tampuran and the detective novel "Bhaskar Menon", K. Karameshwaran of T. Raman Nampisham, K. D. Panikkar's "Keralasinham" and "Parankipatyali" (Portuguese soldiers) are the main novels of this era. / p>

The second era of social novels starts with modern novelists. Moitirindi's "Apfenre Makan" (uncle's daughter) is notable here. Tashishi, Bashir, Keshav Dev, Pankannam Varki, Lalithambika Endarjan, P. C. Kuttikrishnan etc. were the earliest story writers. Of these, Kshashvi, Bashir, Keshavdev and Kuttikkrishnan were later also known as novelists. Takshi's "Chemmeen" fame is international (this novel is rewarded by Sahitya Akademi). The novel "Umachachchu" by P. C. Kuttikrishnan and the Academy Awarded "Sundarikalum Sundernmarum" (Beautiful Beauties) are of first class. Keshavdev's "Otayil Ninnu" (from Dirty Nallah) is a famous novel, his updated novel "Ayalkar" (neighboring) has received the Academy Award, "Nirupupakkakoranentarnu" (My grandfather kept elephant) etc., a high level novel Rashtrapatikshan of Takashi "(Two Sears), Nalkuketu (old-fashioned house) of M.T. Vasudevan Nair, Asurvittu (Asur Seed), Manju (Barf) of the new generation of Vishnayaktika of Porrekkitt. Tyadi numbered considered novel Mlyalm. Vasudevan Nayar is the first local in modern sub-culture. The name of K. Surendran, the author of "Talam", Kattukurungungu (wild monkey) "Sujata" border etc. is notable.

Malayalam story's literature can get a higher place than any of India's storytelling literature. Bashir, Antarsam, Varki etc. are the writers who raise the voice of revolution against social incest and atrocities. They have been successful in bringing illogical germs to their species. Tashishi Keshavdev, etc., made the subject of stories of man's social and economic capabilities and the person's weaknesses and dimensions. Late A. Balkrishna Pilla has contributed in developing the personality of these storytellers is important. Mudassa Prachin The credit for carrying our storytellers in the paths paved by the Russian litterateur and Chekhov Prestige Russian literature is to these Balakrishna puppy. From this, inspiration for the story-makers of Malayalam people to write stories that introduce the perception of cultural, social, economic revolution and reveal psychological elements. Today, a generation is going forward in the field of story, following the footprints of these eloquent storytellers who are also trying to move ahead with them. Saraswati Amma, Rajlakshmi etc. are standing beyond the influence of these predecessors. Saraswati Amma represents a generation of late and the late Rajlakshmi represents the new generation. The name of Madhavikkutti, daughter of Balamani Amma in the new generation, is also notable. Tales of military life composed by Nantar, Kovilan etc. are famous. Parappuram has presented two novels "Nimanmins Kalpatukal" (Rudhiradra footprint) and "Prakashan" and many stories to this branch. There are three notable names in the story of the older generations - Vettoor Ramn Nair, Karur Nilkanth Pilla and Ponziak Rafi. Nowadays, the publication organization National Bookstall is publishing a collection of selected stories of ten story writers. (These ten story writers - the collection of everyone except Poshki, Dev, Bashir, Pankanam Varki, Endarshanam, Vettar Raman Nayan Nair, Karur Nilkanth Pilla, Pautterikkar Rafi, P. C. Kuttikkrishnan and Porrekkot, P. Kuttikkrishnan. Have been!)

Malayalam drama literature is concluded. After the simulation of culture plays and the era of translation, some of the prose plays also came to follow. As the forerunner of modern prose dramas, the comedians of C. Raman Pilla etc., later, NP Chellakkapan Nair, became the inspiration for comedic playwright. Canikkar Kumar Pilla, Canekkar Padmanabh Pilla etc. wrote serious plays too. N. Krishna Pilla has made significant contributions in the direction of problematic plays written by Ibnson's theatrical genre. In plays that make the subject of social problem, VT Bhattiripat's "Aatukkilin Ninnu Arngtekku" (From The Kitchen to the Theater) and Political Plays "Pattabakki" (Outstanding Lagaan) are notable. Today's play makers are T. A. Gopinathan Nair, Tair, Nagavalli R. N. Kurup, Keshavdave, N. P. Chellappan Nair, K. T. Mohammed, Teppil Bhasi, G. Shankar Pilla etc. "Mannar Kara Ghatteilanu" (Man), the "Karvarar Pashto" of Muhammad ("People of the People made me Communicator"), "Mutiyanayya Son" (Slyk Son), Survekkal (boundary stone) etc. and Mohammed's "Karvarar Pashto" Are in jail) etc. are famous.

In Malayalam, the criticism literature is as accurate as any other branch. Joseph Muntshchery and Kuttichrishna Marar did their own specialty in the criticism literature. Earlier, Western literary philosophers and others took inspiration from ancient Indian literary writers. Both are influential in their own field. Among them, Kuttikkrishna Marar has recently been rewarded by the Academy. Late MP Paul gave a kind of heresy to Malayalam literature. Muttschery, C.J. Thomas etc. are lamp-lit with their lamp. Paul's "novel literum" and "beauty-singing" Muttshari's "poetry", "Marolie" (echo), "Antriaksham", "Manadandam" and "Roopbhadrata" Marar's "Rajankanam", "Kalayum Jivativum" and "Literature" are specially remarkable Are there. Heavenly Govindan Katti Nayyar was a critic of balanced ideas. Today critics include S. Gupta Nair, Kurirappu Krishna Pilla, N. Krishna Pilla, M. Govindan, M. Krishnan Nair, M. Sridhar Menon, M. Achuthan, M. N. Vijayan, K. N. Ashutkatkhan, Dakshamdas, J. B. Mohan etc. are prominent. Modern literary criticism of Guptun Nair, critique, ek lakappuram (beyond promises) etc. are readable. KN Ashokentha writes scholarly and explanatory articles. N. Krishna Pillar is skillful in writing Saras critique. The heroic view of revolutionary ideology is characteristic of Kurirappu Krishna Pilla. Based on psychological elements Vijayan has adopted the new method of analyzing literary compositions.

In the above paragraphs, a very brief introduction of Malayalam literature has been given. Today, Malayalam literature is not behind the literature of any other language of India. Perhaps in the fields of poetry and story, Malayalam literature is competing for a higher place than other language literature. In the last few years, many schemes have been set up for the upliftment of Malayalam literature and many institutions have been set up. Science Council, History Council, Music Council, Arts Council, etc. are working in good planning. Apart from this, the Kerala University and the Government of Kerala are running very big plans for making the encyclopedia of Malayalam. Many young scholars are engaged in the work of art in Kerala and the future of Malayalam literature is very bright. Also see them

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