Saitrap

The Rudra Daman coin, which was one of the Saka kings of the Gujarat-Rajasthan region called Western Sattra

Sattrap or Kshatrap (Persian: ساتراپ, Satrap) was the governor of the ancient Iran's territories and the states of the province of the Hakhamani empire. The word Sasani and Greek empires also came later. In the modern era, a leader working under a great power is sometimes called informally as 'Sartrap'. The area under Satratta was called satrapy.

The expression

The word 'sathtr' comes from the word of the word 'Khasathrapavan' (xšaθrapāvan) in the Avastai language and the ancient Persian language. In this word 'Khaththr' is similar to Sanskrit's homogeneous 'field'. The meaning of the word 'Pavan' is 'protector' in ancient Persian, which comes from the word 'adoration' (protector) of Sanskrit and 'purvan' (purifier). 'Khashthrapavan' was changed over time - 'Khathr' ('Area') became 'City' and 'Pavan' ('Pal') became 'Ban' or simply 'P'. From this, this word is found in the form of 'Sattrap' and 'Cahaban', which in Sanskrit 'fielder' is a word of similarity. In ancient Persian, it also gets the title of 'Shoithrapati', whose Sanskrit translation 'Zodhiapati' is simple and exactly the same title is used for Chhatrapati Shivaji. introduction

'Kshatrap' The name given to the provincial rulers by the Persian emperors in ancient times (Kshatrapavan). Hebrew 'shakhshadrapana' is also used in this sense. It means 'the guardian of the state'. Greek writers - Heraldootos, Thuussides and Zenophan, in the records of countries such as Babylon, Egypt, this means the sub-administrator, the lieutenant governor. According to Herodotus the great man of Kurus divided his kingdom into several provinces; Dariyavash organized his organization in a certain way and built 21 satraprastha provinces in his entire empire and fixed his tax. The first task of satraps and substrates was to collect the roles of their provinces. The Satyaprat from this tax was given to the emperor by the army, the judges and his personal expenses and the residual part of the emperor. If the satraut wanted to become a king of grace, he would have made more of the emperor's share. There was no fixed amount for the emperor from the satraps and from there.

There was state work to keep records of all the income and monitor the part of the emperor. They used to receive government orders from the emperor. This was expected to be followed as early as possible. It was also considered as a barrage rebellion. The satrap was also punished for it. And like in the Turkish empire, there was no formality in their punishment. A person lived at a distance of one day's journey for the method of passing the emperor's command to the satraps. Near each other, the second one, the message was transmitted to the satrap in this way. There were also other types of officers who were sent by the emperors of Persia to receive the supremacy of satraps, as well as sent by the army to protect the army and give them grace or punishment according to the requirement. According to Xenophon, this practice was coming from the very beginning of the empire and its time was also prevalent. To monitor the work of satraps, the emperor used to visit every state of the empire every year. If he could not go to himself, he would send it to his representative. In his province of satrap, he was given some other provinces for the fertility of the land or for making special efforts for the accumulation of agriculture but from where the order was not received, the state was cut and mixed in other Satrapray states. In the provinces, the burden of administration's legislation was on the Emperor, who appointed his brother, any family member or son-in-law as satraps. In India, Nhapan had made his son-in-law Ushvadat a satrap.

Because of the close connection with the emperor, the life of satraps was reflected in the life of the emperor just like the emperor. Even in the court of satraut, formalities were used like emperors. Like the emperor, the satraps had their own intervals. There was an adequate number of clippers in intervals. In addition to the political army, there was an individual army of satraps. Like emperors, they used to have gardens, pradavavana etc. in their palaces. Just like the emperors, they used to go from one place to another in some of the year. Satraps were thus more powerful than the state power. Apart from being the founder of the military and other powers, there was one more thing that caused the satraps to become very powerful and there was a possibility of their revolt. Sometimes they used to rebel. Ever two or more satyagraha of Satyaprat provinces was made of the same satrap, which was called as Mahakshatraap. They received more military power and political power, which were helpful in their rebellion. An example of this is only in the reign of Darnavash. Recently, in the time of the successive rulers, especially in small Asia, the revolt of satraps began to increase, due to the revolt, which was the satyapar of both Fijia and Lidiya. This trend of satraps has continued to increase steadily since the era of small males. The satrap also used to open open rebellions and declared itself as an independent ruler. Many of these rebellious satraps established many kingdoms and later became completely independent. Despite all this, the emperors were successful in getting their subordination. The main reason for this was the mutual contention and war in satraps. Apart from this, in the court, the atmosphere of the satraps, and the atmosphere of adultery, also resulted in idle laxity. The satraps did not consider themselves appointed to protect the provinces, but considered their occupation. One of the reasons for this was that the system of Kshatriya administration was partly also genetic. They used to enjoy the status of satrap states and other income.

At Xenophan, a satyatta of Missiya was also appointed by the subcontinent, which people of that region used to do and they used to make arrangements for cats. This arrangement continued for her widow even after her death. Such a system easily relaxed the structure of the empire. In later times, satraps had got the right to govern the state army especially when it was related to the state or its relative. Latur was the satrap of Missiya, Feijia and Lidiya, but the commander of the entire army was also the same in the war. The same situation is also of farnesbase and other satrapas, but this does not mean that there was a military rule in the satrap provinces. In fact, the emperor used to appoint both the soldiers and the officers of the society themselves. He also appointed the magistrates himself. The satraps could not interfere in the work of magistrates. Alexander and his heirs also adopted the system of Kshatriya administration, especially in the Silkukas Empire there was a system. The capacular state of India

There were Kshatriya state systems in the state of doubt in India also. Indian satrap had three major dynasties and one dynasty -

(1) The identities of the satrap of Kapishha, Pushppur, and convergence can be found from the records obtained from there. Manikya gets the mention of a satrap son of granavahriya in the inscription. It is said to be the satrap of Kapisa. In the Kabul museum's archive of the 83rd year (Sankh ??), a satrap named Peshapur, Tirvarna is mentioned. The name of the sage Shivsena is obtained on the currency of a copper ring received from the convergence.

(2) The satrap of Punjab is related to three dynasties - <3> <3> <3> <3> <3>

(3) Mathura's satrap - the first of these dynasty was Rajuwalu or Ranujul, who probably ruled the first bakal. Stancano has estimated that lineage as follows: There were three sons of Art (Pishastri) - Abuhol, Khalmas and Maj. Abihohol had two sons- Heuer and Ayes Kommoi Son of Heuer - Nadiad

The name of the Raju is received in records and postures. In the Mora Kupp record it has been called Mahakshatrao. But in the article on his posture he has been called 'Rajadhiraj'. The successor of Rajuwal (Rajul) was shudas (or shodas). He has also been called as a Mahakshatra in the records. Some scholars believe in the years given in their records, and some believe in Vikram Samvat. The instrument to eradicate this conflict has not yet been achieved. According to Kono, according to the true ruler of Rajuval and according to the pilot, was the pilgrim. On another currency, there is a 'Kshatra Prasar ottsa arsaputras' written in the Sanskrit script.

There is a difference of opinion among scholars regarding the meaning of these satrap. Sometimes he is said to have come from the country, sometimes the Sakha country. Probably they were suspicious. Due to coming through Persia, he became familiar with and associated with the Kshatriyas regime; In addition to these, two currencies of Haggan and Hagamsh have also been obtained from Mathura. After the Razuwul dynasty, the rulers of Mathura are estimated. Some coins also get the combined names of both, and on some it is only Hagamash. After them there were two-three satraps in Mathura, whose names are Indian. Perhaps by this time these foreigners had completely assumed Indianism.

(4) Ujjain's satrap - Ujjain's satraps also call the 'Satyatta of Western India'. These satraps appear to be two descendants. The first line was of Bhakkak and Nahanana and the second was Raatna's. Nahapan, the successor of the role, is also known not only by his silver and gold coins but also by his son-in-law Umeshwad's records. Nhapan also ruled on some part of western India. He also won some part of Satavahana's empire. Its lineage is called Shaharata. Rudraman I finished the Dynasty by Rudradaman I. In the Girnar inscription, it has been said to settle down in Kharkhar.

The first name of Jasmottik, father of Kardamakavanshi Chishan, comes first in the satraps of second lineage ruled by Ujjain. The son of Chishan was the king of the kingdom, but he probably died in the life of his father, and Chishhan and Rudradaman on Ujjain jointly ruled. Regarding the Mahakshatrap Rudradaman in Junagadh Records, it has been said that he had earned the title of Mahakshatrapr. It seems that the state government of his dynasty had probably snatched Gautamiputra Satkarni and Rudradamun had to earn the title of Mahakshatraff again by winning those territories. Junagadh records praise of his victories and his personality. The successor of Rudradaman I was his eldest son, Damghas (first). After that the son of his son Jivadam and his brother Rudrasinh became the first successor. At the time of Rudrasinh, the assurances had grabbed some parts of the state of western satraps. The successor of Rudrasinh I had three sons Rudrasen I, Sangadamn and Damasen. Subsequently, Damasen's three sons, Yashodaman, Vijayasen and Damjadshree were on the agitation. The successor of Damjadshri became his nephew Rudrasen II. After this his son Vishwasinh and Bhartrudamane. His son Vishvasena became his satrap from the time of Bhartruamman. What was the relation between Bhartragamand and Vishwasinh to the Mahakshatra Rudradaman II? It can not be said definitively The last satrap of this lineage was Rudrasingh, which ruled from around 388 AD. Chandragupta II Vikramaditya of Gupta Dynasty ended Ujjain's satrap and merged his empire into his empire and preached his coins on the emblem of his coins. Also see them

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