Educational psychology
Educational psychology is the branch of psychology in which it is studied that how human learning is in the educational environment and how educational activities can be more effective. 'Education psychology' is made up of the sum of two words - 'education' and 'psychology'. So it literally means - psychology of education. In other words, it is a practical form of psychology and science to study human behavior in the process of education. Psychology has influenced all aspects of education like education objectives, teaching method, curriculum, evaluation, discipline etc. Without the help of psychology, the education process can not run smoothly.
Education psychology refers to using psychological principles to improve learning and learning process. Education psychology studies the person's behavior in academic situations.
In this way education psychology is studied in the educational circumstances of the person's behavior, mental processes and experiences. Education psychology is that branch of psychology whose goal is to develop effective teaching techniques and assess the skills and abilities of the learner. It is a branch of behavioral psychology that is trying to improve the teaching and learning process.
Definition and requirement of education psychology
Education psychology is the legislative science that deliberates, analyzes and resolves the problems of education. Education has never been different from psychology. Whether psychology has been in philosophy, it has helped develop the person through education.
According to Skinner: Education psychology studies human behavior in academic situations. Education psychology takes its meaning from education, which is a social process and psychology, which is the science of behavioral science.
According to Crow and Crow: Education psychology describes and explains the experiences of learning from the birth of a person to old age.
According to James Drever: Education psychology is the branch of practical psychology that deals with the use of psychological theories and discoveries in education as well as psychological studies of education problems.
According to Alice Crowe: Educational psychology represents the application of scientifically-derived principles affecting the teaching and learning of human reactions.
Education is imparted in India with the meaning of education. According to Gandhi, education means the proper development of the person's body, mind and soul.
In order to analyze the meaning of education psychology, Skinner has pointed to the following facts: - 1. The center of education psychology is human behavior. 2. Education psychology is a collection of facts obtained from the discovery and inspection. 3. The knowledge stored in education psychology can be given the form of principles. 4. Education psychology has rendered its own methods to solve the problems of education. 5. Principles of teaching psychology and methods provide the basis for educational principles and experiments. requirement
Kelly has described the need for education psychology as follows: - 1. To provide knowledge of the nature of the child, 2. To co-ordinate the child with his environment, 3. To make acquaintance with the nature, objectives and purposes of education, 4. Knowing the principles and methods of learning and teaching, 5. Studies of the control of emotions and educational importance, 6. Knowing the methods and principles of character creation, 7. Training in the methods of measuring the student's abilities in the subjects taught in the school, 8. Providing knowledge of the scientific methods used for information about the facts and principles of education psychology. History Area of education psychology About the area of education psychology, Skinner has written that education is related to all the knowledge and techniques (technicians) in the field of psychology, which are related to better understanding the process of learning and to determine more skillfully. According to modern education psychologists, the major areas of education psychology are as follows - 1. Heredity 2. विकास (Development) 3. व्यक्तिगत भिन्नता (Individual Differences) 4. व्यक्तित्व (Personality) 5. विशिष्ट बालक (Exceptional Child) 6. अधिगम प्रक्रिया (Learning Process) 7. पाठ्यक्रम निर्माण (Curriculum Development) 8. मानसिक स्वास्थ्य (Mental Health) 9. शिक्षण विधियाँ (Teaching Methods) 10. Guidance and Counseling 11. मापन एवं मूल्यांकन (Measurement and Evaluation) 12. समूह गतिशीलता (Group Dynamics) 13. Research 14. किशोरावस्था (Adolescence)
Psychology is helpful in solving important educational problems; and all these problems and their solutions constitute the field of learning psychology -
Kelly has analyzed the works of education psychology in the following ways - Relationship to education and psychology
The relationship between education psychology is by teaching methods of learning and learning. Education and Psychology There are two distinct branches of knowledge, but these two are mutually intimate relationships, the basis of modern education is psychology. The child is taught by studying his interests, trends, possibilities and personality carefully. Today education and psychology complement each other. Skinner Skinner thinks that "education psychology is an essential element of education." Without the help of this, the knot of education can not be resolved. Both education and psychology are concerned with behavior. Psychology has a deep impression on the other aspects of the education of discoveries. "
Education and psychology is the principle of theory and behavior, knowledge of interpersonal relationship between education and psychology is essential for the balanced balanced development of human. The similar work of education is based on the principles of psychology. According to Cros and Cro, "Psychology is the science of human behavior occurring in the environment." Psychology explains human development related to learning. Education provides an effort to learn the process of learning. Why and when to learn education psychology. "
The link between education and psychology is "human behavior". In this regard, the views of two scholars are considered: -
Brown- "Education is the process by which a change in behavior of a person is made." Puzzlesbury - "Psychology is a science of human behavior."
It is clear from these definitions that both education and psychology are concerned with human behavior. Education makes it better by making changes in human behavior. Psychology studies human behavior. Thus it is natural to have relations with education and psychology, but in this regard, provides support to psychology. Education has to get the approval of psychology for each of his work. Bn Jha has written well- "Whatever education does and the way it is done, it has to be dependent on psychological discoveries."
Psychology has received this place because it has revolutionized all the areas of education and has revolutionized them. In this context, Ryan's all-round sentence is remarkable - In many modern-day schools, we find an atmosphere of difference and conflict. Now they do not appear to be traditional, formality, compulsion, silence, tension and excessive penalties.
All this has been possible due to the use of education psychology. Psychology relationship with education Contribution to Psychology Education
In short, psychology has contributed the following in the field of education - 1. The Importance of Child 2. The Importance of Different Stages of Child 3. Importance of juvenile interests and basic trends 4. Importance of individual differences of children 5. Improve curriculum 6. Courses emphasizing co-ordination actions 7. Advancement in Learning Process 8. New methods of evaluation 9. The achievement and success of the purpose of education 10. Basic knowledge of new knowledge
The problems of education are related to its objectives, subject matter, tools and methods. Psychology helps in solving problems in all four areas. The purpose of education
Psychology provides the following types of help in understanding the objectives of education. The subject of education
Psychology has an important contribution in understanding the content of education and determining the student's development. What is the content for students of which class? What kind of indirect curriculum (the school's general environment) does not affect the mental health of the students, etc., solve psychological problems. With the help of psychology, mankind can use the welfare of the world. Means of education
Psychology provides support in understanding the means of education, because - Methods of education
Psychology gives knowledge about the methods of teaching in three ways -
Davis has interpreted the importance of education psychology in this way - psychology has made significant contributions in the field of education by analyzing the students' faculties and the differences found in them. It has also contributed by providing knowledge about the growth and development of the student in school years.
Blair has explained the importance of education psychology in the following words - At present, if a teacher has to be successful in his work, he should have knowledge of child psychology such as his growth, development, learning process and ability to adjust. He recognizes the specific difficulties of students' education and has the ability to provide remedial teaching. He should be given the necessary educational and professional guidance. In this way, if any person is not educated about the principles and methods of psychology, then he can not fulfill the responsibility of the teacher. Areas of Education Psychology
Different authors have given different definitions of education psychology. Therefore, nothing can be said about the field of education psychology. In addition education psychologist is a new and flourishing science. Its area is uncertain and concepts are secretive. Many areas are still being searched and it is possible that new ideas, rules and principles of education psychology are obtained. Its sentiment is that the field of education psychology and the problems are uncertain and inevitable. Regardless of whether the following areas or problems can be included in the field of education psychology. Crow and Crowe - "The subject matter of education psychology is concerned with the conditions affecting learning." 1. Problem of behavior 2. Problems of personal differences 3. Stages of development 4. Study of children. 5. Study of learning actions. 6. Personality and intelligence 7. Measurement and Assessment 8. Instructions and consultation. Methods of Education Psychology
Education psychology has been put into the category of practical science. Due to science, there have been several methods developed in its study. These methods are scientist. In the words of George A. Lundberg - Social scientists have come to believe that they have to use fair and systematic inspection, verification, classification and analysis of social events to solve the problems they face. Due to being concrete and successful, such an approach is called a scientific method.
The methods commonly used for study and research in education psychology can be divided into two parts: -
Some of these major methods have been described as follows: - Self inspection method (underwriting method)
An inspection method is also called introspection. According to Stout, "The sequence of a mental study of the study itself is called intercourse." Woodworth has called this method for inspiration. The person's mental actions in this method are real. Due to being self-relieved, the intake or intake method is more useful. According to the lock - the brain inspects its own actions. Increase in the knowledge of psychology: According to Douglas and Holland - "Psychology has increased the knowledge of our psychology by using this method." Supporting other methods: According to Douglas and Hall, "This method helps in interpreting the facts and the principles obtained by other methods." Equipment and Materials Required: According to Ross, "this method is not costly because it does not require any special equipment or material." Laboratory requirement: This method is very simple. Because it does not require any laboratory. In the words of Ross, "Psychologists have their own brain laboratory and because they always live with them, so they can always inspect as per their wishes." Life history method or person study method
व्यक्ति अध्ययन विधि (Case study or case history method) का प्रयोग मनोवैज्ञानिकों द्वारा मानसिक रोगियों, अपराधियों एवं समाज विरोधी कार्य करने वाले व्यक्तियों के लिये किया जाता है। बहुधा मनोवैज्ञानिक का अनेक प्रकार के व्यक्तियों से पाला पड़ता है। इनमें कोई अपराधी, कोई मानसिक रोगी, कोई झगडालू, कोई समाज विरोधी कार्य करने वाला और कोई समस्या बालक होता है। मनोवैज्ञानिक के विचार से व्यक्ति का भौतिक, पारिवारिक व सामाजिक वातावरण उसमें मानसिक असंतुलन उत्पन्न कर देता है। जिसके फलस्वरूप वह अवांछनीय व्यवहार करने लगता है। इसका वास्तविक कारण जानने के लिए वह व्यक्ति के पूर्व इतिहास की कड़ियों को जोड़ता है। इस उद्देश्य से वह व्यक्ति उसके माता पिता, शिक्षकों, संबंधियों, पड़ोसियों, मित्रों आदि से भेंट करके पूछताछ करता है। इस प्रकार वह व्यक्ति के वंशानुक्रम, पारिवारिक और सामाजिक वातावरण, रूचियों, क्रियाओं, शारीरिक स्वास्थ्य, शैक्षिक और संवेगात्मक विकास के संबंध में तथ्य एकत्र करता है जिनके फलस्वरूप व्यक्ति मनोविकारों का शिकार बनकर अनुचित आचरण करने लगता है। इस प्रकार इस विधि का उद्देश्य व्यक्ति के किसी विशिष्ट व्यवहार के कारण की खोज करना है। क्रो व क्रो ने लिखा है ‘‘जीवन इतिहास विधि का मुख्य उद्देश्य किसी कारण का निदान करना है।’’
Oscillation or observation methodExrospection is also called observational or observational method. The general meaning of observation or inspection is to look carefully. We can estimate the internal mindset of someone by observing the behavior, behavior and actions, reactions, etc. from outside. For example: If a person is speaking loudly and his eyes are red then we can know that he is in anger. Seeing a person laughing can estimate his happiness.
In the inspection method, the inspector inspects the behavior to be studied and on the basis of that, he makes his assumption about the subject. Behaviorists have given special importance to this method.
According to collisionic inspection is of two types -
Formal inspection is done in controlled conditions and in informal inspection uncontrolled conditions. Among these, informal inspection is more useful for the teacher. He gets many opportunities to inspect his students' behavior outside the classroom and orbit. On the basis of this inspection, he can get appropriate guidance by acquiring knowledge of the patterns of his behavior. Questionnaire
According to Good and Hatt - "Generally the questionnaire is the method of obtaining the answer to the literal questions in which the person has to fill in the form in his own format. The fact is to gather the facts. The questionnaire is a schematic list of written questions in a manner, either in place for possible answers or the probability The answers are written. " Interview
In this method it is important to gather the facts related to problems by gathering people. Through this method, knowledge of the problems and qualities of the person is obtained. There is a face-to-face oral conversation between two people, through which efforts are made to find solutions to the problems of the person and to gain knowledge of physical and mental conditions.
In the words of Good and Hat - a serious conversation with a purpose is an interview. Experiment method
"Studies of human behavior in pre-prescribed conditions." In the method, the user himself studies the behavior of a person in the circumstances or environment determined by himself or collects facts regarding any problem. Psychoanalytic method
"Study by studying the unconscious mind of a person." Through this method, the person gets acquainted with his unconscious desires by studying the unconscious mind. Thereafter, the person is treated with sophistication or modification of those desires and thus attempts to make the best of its behavior Also see them Employment Textbooks
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