Harijan Andolan

In the Hindu society, those castes or sections used to behave with untouchability, and today even somewhat similar heterogeneous behavior came to hear and heard somewhere, called them untouchables, endless or oppressed people. Seeing that all these names are abusive, in late 1932 an Anaryaj of Gujarat referred to Mahatma Gandhi a Gujarati hymn and wrote that why the enderals are not given a beautiful name like "Harijan". In that psalm, Harijan is said to be such a person, whose helper world, except for one Hari, is no other. Gandhiji liked this name and it became popular. introduction

There is no mention of untouchability in the Vedic period. But untouchability was born due to the degeneration of class system and the increased distinction between caste and caste. Its historical, political, and so on are many more reasons. But at the same time, it was also called a social evil. The "Vajasuchikik" Upanishad and some places in the Mahabharata have been condemned to the rise of caste based on casteism. Many Rishi Munis, Buddha and Mahavira attracted the attention of Hindu society towards this social evil by many saint saints and Raja Rammohan Rai, Swami Dayanand Saraswati Prajapati social reformer. From time to time to eradicate it, there were sporadic efforts, but Gandhiji did the most vigorous efforts. They considered it a blur on the forehead of Hinduism and said that "if untouchability prevails, then Hindu religion - in their view - is destined to" human religion ". There was also the prevention of untouchability in the face of the kind of creative program Gandhiji displayed in front of the country for achieving independence. But this movement took country-wide form in September, 1932, with a brief history:

In the second round of the historic roundabout council organized in London, at the request of many friends, Gandhiji had joined. When the Council appointed a committee on the complex question of India's minorities, Gandhiji, speaking on behalf of the untouchables, on November 12, 1931, said, "My claim is that I can make a true representation of the question of untouchables If an independent election is considered for untouchables, then I will put a stake in my life against him. " Gandhiji believed that by accepting separate election, the Hindu society would be divided into two pieces, and its intrigue would prove to be fatal for democracy and national unity and the opportunity to make atonement for the sins of the upper castes Will go away.

The freedom movement again caught hold of Gandhi after the Round Table council. Gandhiji and several prominent Congress leaders were locked up in prisons. Gandhiji corresponded with Yerawada Jail in this regard with the Indian Minister Mr. Samuel Hore. To the Prime Minister also wrote. But what was feared was the same. In the communal judgment given by British Minister Ramzan McDonald, he recognized the separate electorate for the Dalit classes.

On September 13, 1932, Gandhi declared the determination of the fast unto death in protest of the said judgment. The entire India lifted the crump and hit the earthquake like this earthquake. In front of me the question was raised what will happen now. The big leaders of the country gathered to solve this knot. Madan Mohan Malaviya, f Rajgopalachari, Tejbahadur Sapru, M. R. Jaikar, Amrutlal v. Thakkar, Ghanshyam Birla etc., and leaders of the dalit sections Dr. Ambedkar, Srinivasan, MC Raja and other representatives There was considerable discussion for three days. There were many ups and downs in the discussion. Finally, on September 24, everyone unanimously signed a definitive agreement, which became known as "Poona Pact". Poona Pact secured 148 seats in the legislative assemblies of Madras, Bombay (including Sindh), Punjab, Bihar and Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Assam, Bengal and the United Provinces, under British India for Dalit classes, assuming joint election system. , Whereas in the Prime Minister's decision, only 71 places were given, and 18 percent of the seats in the Central Legislative Assembly were secured in the said pack. Due to the tenure of the pack, ten years have been passed, assuming that the disabilities created from untouchability will be removed within 10 years.

Sir Tej Bahadur sup degree and Shreejaykar sent the draft draft to the British Prime Minister by the instant wire. Actually, the communal decision given by the Prime Minister removed the part of the separate election of Dalit sections.

A resolution was passed in the Council of the representatives of Hindus of all India on 25th September, 1932 in Bombay, in the chairmanship of Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya, the main part of which is this: Today, in the Hindus, The reason will not be considered as "untouchables" and those who are still being considered as untouchables will be able to use public wells, roads and other institutions in the same way as the other. Du do. At the time of getting the opportunity, law will be made about this right first and if such a law was not made before independence, then the first law will be made about the Swarajya parliament.

On 26th September Gandhiji, with the juice of orange juice in the presence of poet Ravindranath Thakur and other friends ended the hunger strike. On this occasion, Bhavishvahwal poet Thakur sang this song "Swaro ki Chakayya Shayke, Karuna Dharshay Ashho". In the statement that Gandhiji gave to the publication of the hunger strike, he expressed the hope that, "Now it is not only me, but this responsibility of hundreds of thousands of social reformers has increased a lot so that until the abolition of untouchability, this stigma Since Hinduism is not liberated from it, no one can sit well with it. It should not be assumed that the crisis has passed. On the day of the true criterion, it is now coming. "

Later on September 30, in the public meeting held under the chairmanship of Pandit Malviya ji in Bombay, Hindu leaders from all the countries decided that an All India Anti-Untouchability League was established with the aim of untouchability. This office is to be kept in Delhi, whose head office is in Delhi and its branches are completed in various provinces and for the purpose. To be taken in the public - (a) All public wells, dharmshalas, roads, schools, crematoriums, etc. should be declared open to the dalit sections, (b) open the public temple for them, (c) provided that (a) And (b) emphasis should not be used for force, rather it should only be used to explain it calmly. ""

According to these determinations, the all-India institution named "Anti-Untouchability Division", which was later changed to "Harijan Sevak-Sangha", was created. Gandhiji himself prepared the original constitution of the Sangh.

The basic purpose that the Harijan-Sevak-Sangh has in its constitution is: "The objective of the Sangh is to remove the untouchables in truth and nonviolent means in Hinduism and destroy those other evils and disabilities from the root cause, Those so-called untouchables, who will then be called "Harijans", have to suffer in all areas of life, and thus they are completely at the same level as the remaining Hindus. To give it. "

"To fulfill this objective, Harijan-Sewa Sangh will try to establish contact with the upper castes across India and will convince them that the principles of Hinduism prevailing in Hinduism and against the highest feelings of humanity And for the ethical, social and material welfare of the Harijans, the Sangh will also serve them. ""

Harijan-Sevak-Union's first president, Mr. Ghanshyamdas Birla was appointed and took over the post of the minister, Shri Amartilal Vittaladas Thakkar who was famous as "Thakkar Bapa". Sridekar joined the chief social reformers and public leaders of all provinces and organized the Sangh fully within a few months.

Gandhiji published three weekly papers from the inside of the prison to make the Harijan movement broad and active - "Harijan" in English, "Harijan Sevak" in Hindi and "Harijan Bandhu" in Gujarati. These weekly papers took the place of "Young India" and "Navjivan" in a few days, whose publication was closed for political reasons. In addition to the Harijan question, Gandhiji used to write articles and comments on these other topics.

A few days later, on the request of Thakkar Bapu, Gandhiji visited all over India for untouchability. Millions of people heard Gandhiji's speeches, thousands left the untouchable and embraced Harijans. There were some anti-demonstrations somewhere. But Gandhiji won the heart of the opponents with love. The fund that was collected for Harijan work in this tour was above ten lakh rupees.

The Harijans have the courage to gain their birth right. The resistance of the upper castes also started to decline slowly. The words of Gandhi ji began to embrace: "If untouchability prevails, Hinduism can not escape destruction."

Harijan-Sevak-Sangh runs thousands of schools and hundreds of hostels for Harijan students and students all over India. Established industryshops too. He gave scholarships and other help to a very good number of students. Given the need in the settlements of Harijans, make many wells. The unauthorized interruptions on the use of hotels, hospices and other public places were deleted.

As the country was independent, the Constitution Council, which made the constitution in the head of Dr. Ambedkar, untouchability was "prohibited". After some time, the Indian Parliament also made untouchability crime law. The Government of India appointed a special commissioner for Scheduled Castes and made several remarkable efforts in the direction of education of Haryana and diverse welfare works.

Harijan was elected from the safe places in Parliament and the Legislative Assemblies of the states, many of them qualified for the privileged post of ministers in the center and in different states. His appointment was also made in various government departments. Swabhiman awakened in them. There is also improved economic situation. But all this does not mean that abolition of untouchability has been totally eradicated. It is clear that the movement of social reform can not be based solely on government or any law. The abolition of untouchability is the duty of every Hindu Hindu, for which, his self-effort is expected.

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