Maithili literature
Maithili is primarily the language of north-east of India, the Terai region of Bihar and Nepal. In sixteen districts of India (Madhubani, Darbhanga, Samastipur, Muzaffarpur, Khagadia, Katihar, Araria, Kishanganj, Suppal, Madhepura, Munger, Bhagalpur, Saharsa, Purnia, Sitamadi and Begusarai) and in seven districts of Nepal (Dhanusha District, Mahhotri district , Sirah district, Sarlahi district, Saptari district, Sunsari district and Morang district). Its area is spreading around 30,000 square meters. The cultural center of the Maithili language is Darbhanga in India and in Janakpur in Nepal.
Together with the Bengali language, Assamese and Oriya, it originated from Magadhi Prakrit. In some parts, this bungalow and some parts are similar to Hindi.
Maithili script Main article: Leah script
Like other independent literary languages, Maithili has its own ancient script, which is called "Tirhuta" or Mithilika. Its development began in the nineteenth century. Most Devanagari has been used in printed books nowadays. Partition of Maithili literature
The literature of Maithili is divided into three periods -
In the first episode, the drama and the third in prose in Geetika, II have been the dominant one. Primer
The most ancient literature of Maithili is found in Aphrodhs of both the twins and language songs of Buddhist Tantricus. Their language is an ancient form of the dialect of the eastern part of Mithila, but Bangla, Oriya and Assamese also adore their literature. After this, the Carnat kings emerged in Mithila around AD century century AD. They established the tradition of methil music, which is why the age of Harsim Dev of Karnatish was called the golden age (about 1324 AD). His contemporary Jyotirishwar Thakur receives a great drama "Descripta-Ratnakar". In it, the uses of poems on various topics have been decorated with the descriptions and descriptions. (Recently, they have also got a play named "Shoutmasamagam" and Maithili songs.)
The era of Vidyapati Thakur comes after Jatirishwar (1350-1450). In this era, Mithila was the state of the Onirwar dynasty. In Bengal, Jaydev initiated the tradition of music of love, in which the mathil kokil Vidyapati mixed his tunes in thousands of posts and with this, an invasive tradition of Maithili poetry, especially Geetika Kavya, went on for three centuries for Maithili Coined the coin.
Vidyapati's fame flourished in Bengal, in Orissa and Assam. In these countries, Vidyapati was considered as Vaishnava and in many of her poems, many poets made her compositions in Maithili. The tradition of this literature has lasted till modern times. In the 20th century, Worldwish Ravindra wrote many beautiful Brajbulled posts in the name of "Bhanusheerhe Padavali".
The tradition of Vidyapati also ran in Mithila. Not only their Radhakrishna erotic songs, but also the poems of Shakti and Shiva (which are called Gausaunic songs and Nachshi respectively) people started practicing. Among contemporary poets of Vidyapati, Amritkar, Chandrakala, Bhanu, Dashavadhan, Vishnupuri, poet Shekhar Yashodhar, Chattrabhuj and Bhisham poet are notable. In the later poets of Vidyapati, the names of poets living in the court of Maharaja Kansarayana (circa 1527 AD) are taken. Among these, the most famous popular poet was Govind. These were different from Govind Das and his term is available in "Kansarayana Padwali". The names of Mahitath Thakur, Lokchan Jha, Harshnath Jha and Chanda Jha can be counted in the later poetry of Vidyapati tradition. Apart from this, three poets have been famous in Nepal, who have followed the example of Shiva and Shakti regarding Vidyapati. His names are Singh Narsingh, Bhupatindra Mall and Jagat Prakash Mall. Middle period
Mithila has been chaos for many years due to the Muslim invasions in the medieval period. After the destruction of the Oiniwara dynasty, most of the scholars of Mithila, poets and musicians went to preserve the royal palaces of Nepal. There was a fondness of poetry and drama of the kings of the Mall. Therefore, a large part of medieval Maithili literature was written in Nepal.
Theatrical literature was main in literature composed in Nepal. First, the conversion of Maithili songs into Sanskrit plays started. In the meantime, the behavior of Sanskrit and Prakrit began to decline, and the entire drama was written in Maithili itself. In the end, the outline of Sanskrit drama was also abandoned and the tradition of an innovative Geetinatya was established. These were the main subjects of music. Most of the plot was expressed in the signal and prose was not used. These plays were starred in the Raj Sabhas only. Theater was open and acting was in the day. The plot used to be not new - often giving the old mythical narrative or drama again by giving them the form of Geetinatya or presenting it only by amendment.
The workshops of Nepali playwaters were mainly in three places - Bhaktapur, Kathmandu and Patan. In Bhaktapur most of the plays were written and acted. The main dramatists are five- Jagjyotharmall, Jagatprakash Mall, Jitmitter Mall, Bhupiterinder Mall and Ranjit Mall. Most of these plays Ranjit Mall wrote. The findings of 19 plays made so far have taken place. The most famous playwriter of Dynasty in Kathmandu was Jha. The biggest poet and playwright Siddan Singh Singh Mall (1620-1657) in Patan.
The tradition of Nepali plays was destroyed in 1768 when King Prithvirayana Shah defeated the Malla kings there and established the state of Gurdus. Medieval II (1600-1660)
The Geetinatya tradition was being created in the Mithila Dargah court's courts, which is called 'Kaitariya Drama'.
The start of the Kirtian drama is often done by performing kirtan of the character of Shiva or Krishna. But they were not religious dramas. Kirtianya was played on the night and used to be its own special music, which is called Nadi.
Only Maithili songs were kept in Sanskrit dramas at the beginning of the Katariya dramas. These songs used to explain Sanskrit shlons or sentences in the meaningful language. Yes, sometimes free songs were used too. Apparently almost the entire drama Maithili began to be cynical.
Ketanetian playwrights can be divided into three periods-from 1350-1700, from 1700-1900 and from 1900-1950.
In the first period, Vidyapati's Goraswijay, Govind poet Nalchritnat, Anandivas of Ramdas, Uvastha of Devanand, Paranthropy of Umapati and Ramupati can be counted. Among the most popular and well known Umapathi Upadhyay (18th century).
The main playwright of the second period - Lal Kavi, Nandipati, Gakulanand, Jaayanand Kanheram, Ratnapani, Bhanunnath and Harshnath Among these, the poem of the Gauri Swayam and Harshnath of Lal Kavi and the Maghvananda is more prominent and important than the literary vision.
Third period writer Vishwanath Jha, "Balaji", Chanda Jha and Rajpandit Baldev Mishra. In their plays, the repetition of songs and posts of the ancient poets is high, there is a complete lack of dramatic struggle. Medieval -3 (1600-1690E.)
Maithili drama (in Assam) in the sixteenth and seventeenth century, a form of Maithili drama developed in Assam also, Sukan, which is called Akkiya Nat. This is different from the traditions of the above two plays. In it, the entire drama was prose. The narrator used to act in the entire drama. There was more attention to acting than meditation or text. The purpose of these plays was not merely to entertain, but to promote the Vaishnava religion. Most of these plays used to describe Krishna's Vatsualya Leela. They did not have more than one digit.
Numerous playwright named Shankardev (1449-1558), Madhavdev and Gopaldev's names are notable. Among them, the most famous Shankar Dev. Their stereotype dramas are most popular in Assam. Medieval-4 (1600-1890)
Pride literature- The development of the form of Maithili prose can be known from ancient periodicals and letters of this period. They have full knowledge of the subjects related to the slave system at that time.
In addition to the Vidyapati tradition, which included lyricist, Bhajan poet, Lal Kavi, Karna Shyam Parvarthi is the main. A new development of verse, in the form of long poetry, epic, charit and samar, among his writers, Krishnajman Karta Manvodh, Nandapati Rattipati and Chalpani are remarkable.
That was the third stream of poetry in which the saints (especially the Vaishnav saints) wrote songs. The most famous of them is Siri Ramdas. The composition of 'Padavali' is 1746 AD. Modern Era
Modern life began in Mithila in 1860 AD. The chaos that had descended from the Sepoy Rebellion was far removed. Western education started to be preached, the practice of rail and telegraph started, facilitated autonomous rule and the establishment of the printing presses started. At the same time some of the writings of literary and social institutions which were involved in fulfilling the work of neo-jagruti. As a result, the interest of the people went on exploration and study of ancient literature and the foundations of literature, according to the new era.
The name of Kavishwar Chanda Jha (died in 1907 AD) is the most important in the creation of the Navyug. Maithili language gained the distinction of composing his epic "Ramayana".
The modern era is the age of prose. Maithili newspapers gave important support in prose development. That is why Maithilakhya, Miththilamod, Mithilamihir and Mithila are immortal in the history of Maithili prose. The decision of the scientific method of Maithili text style has become the result of the modern prose formation by Dr. Umesh Mishra, Ramanath Jha and Vyakaran (especially by Deenbandhu Jha).
The novel and story are the main characters of the modern era. The first translations were more in these areas, in which the names of God Jha's supernatural narrative are particularly remarkable. Initially, the works of Rasbiharilal Das, Janardhan Jha, Bhola Jha and Puneanand Jha were released. Here, Harimohan Jha reached Maithili novel in the "Kanyadan" and "Dviragamman". They are characteristic of satirical, romantic language and living portraits. "Saroj passenger", "Vyas", Jha Prakarya is a renowned novelist of the past decade. He has tried to show the closest aspects of social life.
Notable Artaker (Harmohan Jha writes in extremely heartfelt stories of comedy juice), "Vidya Sanshuu", "Saroj", "Saroj", "Kiran", "Bhuvan" etc. Yanganaand Singh, Nandend Kumar, Manmohan, Umanath Jha and Upendranath Jha are our top classmaker. Ramakar, Shekhar, passenger and Amar fantasy stories write.
In the nature of essay, there is a feeling of Deshanti. Ganganand Singh, Bhuvan ji, Umesh Mishra writes serious articles about Chirp. Among the writers on language and literature, Deenbandhu Jha, Dr. Subhadra Jha, Gangapati Singh, Narendranath Das are prominent. Philosophical prose has written written by Singh, Singh, Dr. Sir Ganganath Jha.
Modern Maithili poetry has two main streams, an ancient and second novelist. The pseudoscopist poet writes epic, Khandakavya, traditional lyricism, liberative poetry etc. Among them are the main poets Chanda Jha, Raghunanvadanas, Laladas, Badrinath Jha, Dattabandhu, Ganath Jha, Sitaram Jha, Riddhinath Jha and Jeevan Jha. In the new stream, poetry of patriotism, modern dynamics, descriptive and humorous poetry can be counted. Among them are Yaduvar and Radhavacharya, Bhuvan, Suman, Mohan and Passenger, and Amar and Harimohan Jha are notable.
In the glorious history of Maithili, there is an unparalleled contribution of Gad literature along with the verse. The stories of Guna Jha's trickery in the villagers here are very popular. The land here is rich in Devaspar. Here Bhumi Ram became a witness to Siam's holy marriage. Here folk songs related to this marriage are very popular.
Old traditions of drama have ended and Jha jha laid the foundations of new drama involving immense modern prose. Anand Jha and Ishnath Jha's place of play are important in modern times. A special promotion has been organized here. Among the writers, the names of Tantranath Jha and Harimohan Jha are prominent. poem Main article: Maithili poem The story Modern Maithili poet and writer the drama Journalism
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