Shyamsundar Das
चित्र:Dr. Shyam Sunder Das.jpg Great servants of Hindi: Babu Shyamsundar Das
Dr. Shyamsundar Das (1875 - 1945 AD) was an exclusive seeker, scholar, critic and educationist of Hindi. His name is unforgettable in Hindi literature and intellectuals. His contribution to the literary-cultural Renaissance of the Hindi-area is especially noteworthy. He and his colleagues together formed the Kashi Nagari Pracharini Sabha.
If the Shyam Sundar Das, famously known as Babu Saheb, did not prepare books for the study of Hindi, then perhaps the study of Hindi would not be easy for everyone today. Through the fifty years of Hindi literature made by him, Hindi-world was enriched due to the continuous service of the books, history, linguistics, literary works, edited texts, text-making etc. His incredible works honored Hindi at the highest level and proudly established it in universities.
In keeping with this Hindi service, Babu Shyam Sundar Das spent fifty years of his life while serving Hindi, the following is the following lines given by the nationalist Maithili refugee. The last year of the mother tongue which was fifty years old. His name is Shyam Sunderdas ..
In the words of Dr. Radha Krishnan, Babu Shyam Sundar has left the ideology of his scholarship, which will inspire current generation of Hindi scholars to make progress.
Biography & Hindi Seva
Babu Shyam Sundar Das was born in 1875 in the Kashi of the scholars. His family had come from Lahore and settled in Kashi and did the trade of clothes. His father's name was Lala Devi Das Khanna. B in 1897 from Queen's College in Benaras a. Done When the students of Inter-University, in 1893, the foundation of the Kashi Nagri Pracharik Sabha was organized with the help of friends and continued to give valuable contributions in its enrichment for 45 years continuously. In 1895-96, he was appointed the first editor of "civil magistrates" and later edited several years later. There were also editors of "Saraswati" for the first three years (1899-1902). In 1899, the teacher of Hindu School was appointed and after a few days, he was appointed junior professor of English in Hindu College. In 1909, Jai Maharaj started working in the State Office, where he stayed for two years. From 1913 to 1921, there was a headmaster at Kalicharan High School in Lucknow. The school has good progress from their industry. When the Hindi Department opened in Kashi Hindu University in 1921, he was called as the Speaker. From the determination of the curriculum, by eliminating many obstacles in the path of universal education of Hindi language and literature, efficiently operating and promoting the Hindi department. In this way, he is credited with the promotion and organizing of higher education in Hindi. At that time there was lack of university-level textbooks and Aloktan texts. He himself edited the required texts, wrote the review and wrote with his knowledgeable colleagues.
Through the Kashi Nagri Pracharini Sabha, Shri Shyamsundar Das did versatile service of Hindi and initiated and operated such important works which led to unprecedented development of Hindi. He helped the civilian enter the civil hospital in order to help Malviya ji etc. Yoga has also contributed to the creation of Hindi science poets. Initial efforts (1898) for the recitation of articles and script system in Hindi. Starting the search of handwritten Hindi books, he started it for nine years and wrote seven reports. These were the editor-in-chief of "Hindi WordSagar". This huge dictionary is proof of their unmatched intellectual and functionality. From 1907 to 1929, he has sincerely edited and operated it. On the occasion of the publication of this book, a congratulatory treatise was given to him as a "Koshotsav Memorial Collection" in recognition of his services.
For the use of higher studies at Kashi Hindu University, he wrote excellent books on the developmental order of language science, criticism and Hindi language and literature.
Shyam Sundar Das' personality was stunning and life was offered to serve Hindi. At the time in which he started the work, the atmosphere at that time was very unfavorable for Hindi. He was neglected in the areas of government work and education etc. Hindi speaker was considered as uneducated. The unimaginable efforts made by the Federation for the dissemination and promotion of Hindi in such adverse circumstances have historically been of historical significance. These were high ranking organizers and administrators. With the support of friendly friends and their intellectual and fertility, they have been able to overcome the difficulties in the way of progress of Hindi and have achieved success. Their vision was invaluable in recognizing the potential of individuals. He encouraged many people and brought them to the field of literature. That is why it has been said that he "not only compiled texts, but also composed the writers".
Delighted by his Hindi services, the British Government "Raibahadur", Hindi Sahitya Sammelan, "Sahityavashpati" and Kashi Hindu University, D. Litt. Awarded the honor. Scripture
Babu Shyam Sundar Das composed many texts. He edited nearly a hundred texts. He was fond of publishing unpublished books by searching. His original works include literature literature, linguistics, development of Hindi language, Goswami Tulsi Das, allegory mystery etc..
He edited introductory and critical texts and edited several dozen books. In the form of textbooks, he published several dozen collected collection texts. His main books are Hindi Kovid Ratnamala, Part 1, 2 (1909-1914), Literary Lopen (1922), Linguistics (1923), Hindi Language and Literature (1930) Parikkahasya (1931), Bhavanshahasya Part 1 (1935), Producer of Hindi Part 1 and 2 (1940-41), My Autobiography (1941), Kabir Granthavali (1928), Literary Articles (1945).
Shyam Sundar Das dedicates his entire life to Hindi service. Many of these books received literature from such as: Nagari alphabet (1896), Hindi Kovid Ratnamtala (Part 1 and 2) (1900), Annual Explanation of Hindi Handwritten Texts (1900-05), Hindi Manuscript texts Brief description of manuscript Hindi texts (1933), Ghadhi Kusumavali (1925), Bharatendu Harishchandra (1927), Bharat Vaidya (1929), Hindi language development (1924), Sahitya Lobhan (1922), Sahitya Lobhan (1922) Hindi Language and Literature (1930), Goswam Tulsidas (1931), metaphor Mystery (1913), Language Secrets (part 1, 1935), Hindi manufacturer prose (Part 1 & 2) (1940) and his autobiography My self Story (1941).
Shyam Sundar Das introduced amazing, unimaginable talent in the field of editing: like, Nasikoopadhyana Arthavali (1901), Chhatrapak (1903), Ramcharitmanas (1904), Prithviraj Raso (1904), Hindi Scientific Fund (1906) , Vanitha Vinod (1906), Indravati (Part-1, 1906), Hamid Raso (1908), Shakuntala Natak (1908), First Hindi Literature Conventions (1911), Bal Vinod (1913), Hindi word Sagar (Segment- 1 to 4, 1916), Meghdoot (1920), Deendayal Giri Granthavali (19 21), Parmal Raso (1921), Ashok's Dharmalipi (1923), Story of Ranikhet (1925), Bharatendu Natavali (1924), Kabir Granthavali (1928), Radhakrishna Granthavali (1930), Dwivedi Abhinandan Granth (1933), Ratnakar ( 1933), Satasai Saptak (1933), Baal Shabad Sagar (1935), Triveda (1935), Nagari Prashtini Magazine (from 1 to 18), Entertainment Book Mala (up to 1 to 50), Saraswati (till 1900).
Babu Shyam Sundar Das has done so much for the Hindi literature that he became an institution more than a person. He also edited Manas Suktavala (1920), brief Ramayana (1920), Hindi essay (part I / 2, 1922), Brief Padmavali (1927) and Hindi essay Ratnavali (1941).
For students, they prepared high-quality textbooks. Such textbooks include language abstract collections (1902), language letters (1902), ancient writamala (1903), Hindi letter-writing (1904), Alok Illustration (1902), Hindi Primer (1905), Hindi First Book ( 1905), Hindi Grammar (1906), Hindi Collection (1908), Government of India (1908), Bal Vin Vinod (1908), Nutan-Rakshas (1919), Palam Mala (1919), Hindi Reader (Part-6/7, 1923), Hindi Collection (Part-1/2, 1925), Hindi Kusum Collection (Part-1/2, 1925), Hindi Kusumavali (1927), Hindi-Suman (Part-1 to 4, 1927), Hind Prose Selection (1927), Ghadhi Ratnavali (1931), Sahitya Pradeep (1932), Hindi prose Kusumavali (1936), Hindi Encyclopedia Judyavali (1939), Hindi prose collection (1945), literary article (1945).
Shyam Sundar Das remained active in the literary service till the last moment of his life. The whole generation of Hindi before and after independence only grew up on Babuji's shoulders.
From time to time, the number of their statements in the conferences on various topics is countless. By taking a closer look at this thought, it becomes clear how they wanted to move forward by connecting Hindi literature with many subjects. Even today Babuji's great contribution is the authentic composition of text and the discretion of the field of study. The result of his every effort to bring fresh material for the students was that he remained a collector. It is criticized that for this reason his writing lacks depth and originality. But the point of view is that their coordinator intellect is submerged in the content-collection of many knowledge areas. Even in practical-criticism, Babuji established the beauty of harmonyism. That is why his criticism got admission in comparison, historical sight, interpretation, commentary etc. In this way, he also prepared the initial path of practical-criticism in Hindi. His skillful leadership proved to be a boon for the Hindi-speaking region. Subject matter
Babu Shyam Sunder Das has written both types of essays both emotionally and emotionally. There is enough variety in respect to his essays. He also exhibits his talents in essays on the search and history of poets that have been written on many untouched topics. Language
The language of Babu Shyam Sundar Das is pure literary Hindi, in which the similarity of Sanskrit words is primarily. His idea regarding language was- "When we accept foreign words with foreign expressions, then make them so that foreigners can get out of them and they become disciplined by our grammar rules themselves." Therefore, wherever they used the words of 'Urdu' in their language, they removed their rhetoric there, they have used their words by removing the borders under the words, pen, drill, law etc. and by changing their pronunciation. Similarly, by removing the complexity of the words of Sanskrit, they have written simple in Hindi - like work at the place of work, Anjan in place of ajhen.
About the selection of words Babu Shyamsundar Das was of the opinion that "the first place is the words of pure Hindi, behind it the familiar and popular words of Sanskrit; The obsolete words of Sanskrit should be given space. Never use difficult words in foreign languages such as Persian. Style
Babu Shyam Sundar Das has written mainly in two types of styles -
1. Conscious style - In-thoughtful style, thoughtful essays have been written. The sentences of this style are small and emotional. Language is strong, simple and fluid. For example -
'Gopiyo's affection is enhanced. These are compiled in Ras Leela with Krishna. Celebrates many festivities. This behavior of love affairs is very interesting. There was no untowardness in it.
2. Gestational style- In the explanatory essays, the explanatory style has been used. These sentences are relatively long. There is a lot of similar words in language Due to the intensity and dryness of the subject, it is dry and free in style. See an example of this type of style -
'This life-struggle has started to feel even more intense and painful by the attrition of two different civilizations. Only when the literature is created and encouraged and energized by the society, only the signs of real progress will be seen and its welfare will give the country the pride of modern times.
Babu Shyam Sunderdas is not decorated with any kind of decoration in any type of style. The use of proverbs and idioms is not equal to. In order to convince his thoughts, Babu Shyam Sunder Das has repeatedly said the same thing as 'Summary is' 'or', 'like' etc. with words. Literature & Location
In the Hindi literature, Babu Shyam Sundar Das is replaced by his Hindi press and Hindi innovator. He composed many original texts. Edited many texts His main hand was in the establishment of the Kashi Nagari-Prashani Sabha. He made Hindi the higher class of the university with his efforts.
Before moving to Kashi Hindu University, he started the movement of entry of the Hindi in the courts for the prosperity of Hindi literature in 1900. By 1900 Shyamsundar Das edited Saraswati Magazine. He also searched handwritten texts and also edited Hindi words. In 1902, the building of the civil publicity meeting was also constructed under their supervision. In 1907 he founded the Hindi Arya Language Library, edited ancient texts, and started the construction work of text books according to the level of education.
Ramchandra Shukla has written in the history of Hindi literature: "Babu Saheb has done the work of presenting material for a large number of work writers. Through the legislation of the search of Hindi books, you have collected a huge spice of writing history, history of literature and writing on them, etc. Thus, The life stories of new-age writers have been stored in two parts of the Hindi Kovid Ratnamtala, three books, language science, Hindi language and Saha. Fact and literature Lochan, as you have written or compiled. "
Shyam Sundar Das was not only an institution-maker, but also unmatched in management. He worked diligently to overcome the shortages of all the areas of literature. Due to his achievements in the form of a language philosopher or as a lecturer in the principles of literature, the literature of Hindi literature remained for a long time. In his mind, the notion was that the basis of the theoretical review of Hindi should be incorporated with Sanskrit and Western criticism-principles and with a special harmony. Prior to Shyam Sundar Das, it was a particularly critical time for Hindi and Nagari script. Pratap Narayan Mishra had set up meetings for the promotion of Hindi at many places. Such a meeting was honored in Prayag in 1884 in the name of 'Hindi Siddhari Nirini Madhy Bharat Sabha'. Bharatendu Harishchandra also ventured many times for the entry of civilians in the government offices, but they could not get success. Despite this the effort continued. Due to the court language being Urdu, the number of people studying in Urdu was higher in the newly educated, so that the publication of Hindi books could not go further. In addition to this literature-crisis, the citizen's admission was not in the government offices, it was a grave crisis in front of the citizen knowing the citizen. In the same period, some enthusiastic students of the industry, in which Babu Shyam Sundar Dass was the leader, Kashi Nagari Pracharini Sabha was established in 1893. Here also the statement of Ramchandra Shukla should be remembered that, "The truth is that the prosperity and kirti of this gathering is the result of the renunciation and continuous hard work of Babu Shyam Das. They are situated in its life form from end to end, continuing to do so in many large industries. Its first chairman, Bhandari, Bhupre Bhai Radhakrishna Das, was born. The movement of urban publicity created new enthusiasm in Hindi-lovers and many people got devoted in the progress of literature.
1. Dhirendra Verma (Sampa) (Sampat 2020), Hindi Literature, Part II, Gyanmandal Limited, Varanasi.
2. Ramchandra Shukla (1940), History of Hindi Literature, Kashi Nagari Pracharini Sabha, Kashi.
3. Hazari Prasad Dwivedi (1941), Role of Hindi Literature, Rajkamal Publications, Delhi.
4. Ramswaroop Chaturvedi (1993), Hindi Literature and Development of Sensex, Lok Bharti Publications, Allahabad. Also see them
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