William Carey (missionary)
William Carey (17 August 1761 - 9 June 1834) was an English Baptist missionary and reformed Baptist minister, which is called "Father of Modern Mission". Carey was one of the founders of the Baptist Missionary Society. As a missionary of the Danish colony of India in Shrirampur, he translated the Bible into Bangla, Sanskrit and many other languages and dialects.
Childhood and early adulthood
Carrie was born as the youngest of five children of Edmund and Elizabeth Carrie, who worked as weavers in the village of Pollerspriy in Northamptonshire. William was raised in the Church of England; When he was six years old, his father was appointed a parish clerk and a teacher of the village. As a child he was naturally curious and he was very interested in natural science, especially botanical science. They had the knowledge of language as a natural gift, with the blessings of which they themselves succeeded in learning Latin.
At age 14, Carrie's father sent her to learn the work of cobbler in a nearby village called Hackleton, Northamptonshire. His employer Clark Nichols was also a pastor like him, but another novice John War was a dissenter. By his influence, Carey eventually left the Church of England and together with other dissidents, formed a small Congregational Church in Hackleton. While learning from work with Nichols, he also acquired knowledge of Greek language with the help of a localized rural education college.
After the death of Nichols in 1779, Carey went to work with another local cobbler Thomas Old; He married Old's sister-in-law Dorothy Plackett in 1781. Unlike William, Dorothy was illiterate; His signature in the marriage register is an indecipherable sign. William and Dorothy Carey had seven children, five of whom were boys and two girls; Both the girls had died in childhood and at the same time their son Peter died at the age of 5. A few days later, Old also died, and Carey took over his business and during that time he gained knowledge of Hebrew, Italian, Dutch and French. Apart from this, he used to often study while working on shoes. Establishment of the Baptist Missionary Society
Template: Protestant missions to India Carey joined a local union called the recently formed Particular Baptists, where they were introduced to people like John Ryland, John Sutcliffe and Andrew Fuller, who later became their closest friends. They invited him to give a discourse in his church on a second Sunday in a nearby village near Earl Barton. On 5 October 1783 William Carey was baptized by Rayland and on that day he himself included himself in the Baptist denomination.
In 1785 Carey was appointed the school teacher of Moulton's village. He was also invited to be a pastor of the local Baptist Church. During this time, he signed an account of the Life of the Late Rev, by Jonathan Edwards David Brainnard and investigator James Cook studied journals and began to think deeply about promoting the Christian doctrine all over the world. His friend Andrew Fuller first wrote an effective publicity book, "The Gospel Uniform of All Acceptance" in 1781, in which he had written in response to the over-Calvinistic ideology prevailing in the Baptist churches that the responsibility of believing the doctrine was that of all people Not of In a meeting of ministers held in 1786, Carey raised the question whether it is the duty of all Christians to spread the doctrine all over the world. It is said that John Ryland's father J. R. In response, Ryland said, "Young man, sit down and God can do this work without you and without my help." But Ryland's son John Ryland Jr. says that this statement was given by his father.
In 1789 Carrie became the full-time pastor of a small Baptist church in Leicester. Three years later in 1792, he published his unprecedented missionary declaration en inquiry into the omissions of Christianity to mean mistakes for the conversion of the Hindans. This small book has five parts. In the first part, a religious justification of missionary activity has been given in which it has been argued that the order given by all the Christians to Christ to the world (Matthew 28: 18-20) remains binding on Christians. In the second part is a framework for the history of missionary activity, beginning with the early church and ending with David Brainnard and John Wesley. The third part consists of 26 pages of tables, which lists the area, population and religious figures of each country in the world. Carey compiled these data when he was a school teacher. The objections to sending missionaries in the fourth part, such as difficulty in learning languages or the threat of life, have been answered. Finally, in the fifth part, the call for the formation of a missionary society of the Baptist community has been made and possible practical means to support it. Carey's profitable publicity has outlined the basis of their mission: Christian liability, the intelligent use of the available resources and the correct information.
Carey later promoted a pro-missionary sermon (the so-called Deathless Sermon or Amrit sermon) using Isaiah 54: 2-3 as his lesson in which he repeatedly used jokes Which has become her most grateful quote:
Carey finally overcame resistance to missionary effort, and in October 1792, the Particular Baptist Society for the propagation of the gospel Amongst the Heiden (which was later known as the Baptist Missionary Society and the 2000 BMS World Mission ), Whose charter members included Carey, Andrew Fuller, John Ryland and John Sutcliffe. After that he started thinking about practical matters like arranging money and deciding on which direction he or she would do in their efforts. Dr. John Thomas, a medical missionary, was living in Calcutta and at present he was engaged in raising funds in England; They agreed to support him and agreed that Carrie would join them in India. Early Indian period
In April 1793, Carrie, her eldest son, Felix, Thomas and his wife and daughter, left London on an English ship. Dorothy Carey refused to leave England because her fourth son was in the womb and had never gone more than a few miles from home; But before going there from there, once again asked him to walk with him and he agreed to walk on that his sister Kitty would help her in the delivery. He was late on the White Island on the route when it was told to the captain of the ship that if he carried the missionaries to Calcutta, his command would be in danger as the unauthorized visit of them violated the trade monopoly of the British East India Company. He decided to move without them, and thus he could not reach Calcutta until Thomas got a Danish captain who was interested in taking him to his ship. Meanwhile, Carrie's wife, who had yet given birth to the child, agreed to go with her on the matter that her sister would also accompany them. They reached Calcutta in November. चित्र:Joshua Marshman.JPG Joshua Marshman
During his first year in Calcutta, the missionaries also found a place to set up their mission while providing resources for their own support. They started learning Bangla language also to interact with the native residents there. A friend of Thomas had two blue factory and he needed managers for those factories, so Carrie moved with his family to the north of Midnapore. During the six years of working in the Neel Plant (Indigo Plant), Carey completed the first review of his Bengali New Testament and started formulating those principles on which to form his missionary community It included training of communal living, financial self-reliance and indigenous ministers. Due to the death of his son Peter due to dysentery, Dorothy had to undergo neurological disorder, which he could never recover.
Meanwhile, the missionary society had started sending more missionaries to India. Among them was the first missionary John Fountain, who reached Midnapore and started teaching at school. After him, a printer named William Ward, a school teacher named Joshua Marshman, was sent to one of Marshman's students, David Brunsdon and William Grant (who settled three weeks after his arrival). Since the East India Company was still against the missionaries, they camped in the Danish colony of Srirampur and they were included by Carrie on 10 January 1800. Subsequent Indian period
After settling in Shrirampur, the mission bought a large house, which was enough for the families of all those people to open and open a school which became the main means of their support. Ward opened a printing shop with an old press authorized by Carrie, and began to print the Bible in Bangla. Fountain died due to dysentery in August 1800. By the end of the year, the mission had got his first disciple, named Krishna Pal and who was a Hindu. He also got the goodwill of the local Danish Government and the then Governor-General of the Republic of India, Richard Wallacey.
Conversion of Christianity to Hinduism has raised a new question in front of the missionaries that it was appropriate for the converts to retain their caste for the disciples. In 1802, the daughter of Krishna Pal, the daughter of this Shudra, married a Brahmin. This marriage was such a public demonstration that the church abandoned caste discrimination.
In 1801, Brunsdon and Thomas died. In the same year, the Governor-General established a college called Fort William, with the aim of educating the Jan Sevaks. He gave Carey the post of professor of Bangla. Carey colleagues in the college were involved in the pundits with whom they could consult to correct their bungalow testamentum. He also wrote Bangla and Sanskrit grammar and started translating the Bible into Sanskrit. After consultation with the scholars and seeing that they had no basis in Hindu sacred texts, they also used their influence on governor-general to help prevent child sacrifice and sati (though the practice of Sati was up to 1829 Did not finish).
Dorothy Carey died in 1807. He had not been a useful member of the mission for a long time and in fact he was acting like a hindrance in a way. John Marshman wrote how Carrie used his study and translation work, "... while a crazy wife was in the next room, which often went into the most worrisome stimuli ...". Carrie remarried in 1808; His new wife, Charlotte Rumohor was a Danish member of the Church, who was the intellectual companion of Carrie, unlike Dorothy. They spent a good married life for 13 years till her death.
In the Printing Printing Press, the translation of the Bible was printed in Bangla, Sanskrit and other major languages and dialects. Many of these languages have never been printed before; William Ward had to build the punch to manually type. Carey started translating literature and holy texts written in the original Sanskrit language into English for his countrymen. The material lost 10,000 pounds due to the fire in the printing shop on 11 March 1812. There were several manuscripts that were irreparable in this loss, which included a very large part of the translation of Sanskrit literature by Carrie and a multilingual dictionary of Sanskrit and related languages which would have been a fundamental linguistic composition if it had been completed. Although the press and the punch was rescued and in six months the press was able to continue the printing work. In Carrie's lifetime, the mission was successful in printing or distributing the Bible in 44 languages and dialects.
In addition, an American Congressional missionary, Adanirum Judson, who traveled to India in 1812, studied the scriptures based on baptism in preparation for a meeting with Carey. As a result of his studies, he became a Baptist. As a result of the urging of American Baptists to receive support for Juddsen's mission by Carrie, the first American Baptist Mission Board, the General Missionary Convention of the Baptist Denomination in the United States of America for Foreign Missions, was established in 1814, which was later adopted. But it became known as the Triennial Convention. Most of today's American Baptist sects have originated directly or indirectly from this convention. Serampore College
In 1818, the mission established the Shrirampur College to train the indigenous ministers for the growing church and to provide education to each and everybody regardless of caste or country, to provide education in the field of Arts and Science. The King of Denmark provided a royal charter in 1827, from which the college became the first institution of the country to impart the degree.
साँचा:Baptistसाँचा:Indian christianity
In 1820, Carey established Agri Horticultural Society of India in Alipore, Kolkata, in support of his enthusiasm in the field of botanical science. Template: Botanist
After the death of Carrie's second wife Charlotte in 1821, her eldest son Felix also died. In 1823, he married a widow named Grace Hughes.
Because of the increase in the number of missionary society, due to the death of older missionaries and the presence of less experienced people in their place, internal dissatisfaction and conflict took place within the society. Some new missionaries arrived, who were not willing to live in a communal atmosphere developed by old missionaries, and every missionary started demanding "a separate house, stables and servants" for themselves. Unprecedented new missionaries from Carey, Ward and Marshman's harsh job policy considered their senior missionaries - especially Marshman - to be somewhat dictatorial because they did not give them work according to their liking.
In 1815, Andrew Fuller died, who was Secretary of the Society in England, and his successor John Dyer was a bureaucrat who, on the lines of business, restructured the Society and managed to manage every detail of the Shrirampur Mission from England. Tried. Their differences proved to be contradictory, and Kerry formally broke up with the missionary society established by himself and left the mission's assets and moved to the college's land. He spent a quiet life while recreating his Bangla Bible until he died in 1834, teaching and teaching students. The couch on which he died on 9 June 1834 has now been placed at Baptist Hall of the University of Oxford, Regents Park College. Family history
Carey biographers such as F. D. Walker and J. B. Among the biographers written by Myers, only mentioning the sufferings of Carrie being caused by mental sickness of Carrie's wife Dorothy in the early years of the missionaries ministry in India and subsequent disorders. A more detailed explanation was given in the biography of Dorothy Carey recently written by Beck: William Carey took away his family from all acquaintances and tried to settle them in one of the world's most incredible and difficult cultures ( Which was especially difficult for an uneducated English farmer woman of eighteenth century). Dorothy faced many difficulties in adjusting with all these changes; He failed to cope emotionally and finally in a mental manner, and his husband probably looked unable to help him in all these cases because he did not even know what to do in this case. Carey wrote a letter to his sisters living in England on October 5, 1795 that "I have been afraid of losing my wife for some time now." Jealousy is the biggest evil in her mind.
The mental disorder of Dorothy ("At the same time, William Carey was baptizing his first Indian disciple and his son Felix and his wife had to remain confined to their room, which further enhanced their insanity") Because of this, other family members faced many problems. After meeting Carrie and her family in 1800, Joshua Marshman was surprised by Carey's carelessness in caring for her four sons. Their four sons of age 4, 7, 12 and 15 were rude, indispensable as well as uneducated. Apartheid theory
In addition to the study of Eine Murray, The Puritan Hope, many county lives of Carrie, especially Bruce J.. Nicholas's article "The Theology of William Carey", has given little attention to his postmillennial parole theory as expressed in his main missionary manifesto. Carrie was a Calvinist and Postmillianist. Even the two research essays (written by Osborne and Pots), in which their achievements have been discussed, even a large part of their scriptures have been overlooked. His parody theory has not been mentioned also, which had played a very big role in his missionary readiness. An exception has been found in his first wife's biography written by James Beck, where his personal optimism was mentioned in the study based on "Attitudes Troubles The Future" (The Future Perception), which he had received from Postmillennial theology. / p> school
There are at least five colleges in Carrie named after him: William Carey International University of Pasadena, Carrie Theological College in Vancouver, British Columbia, Carrie Baptist College of Auckland, New Zealand, Victoria of Melbourne Carrie Baptist's Grammar School, Carrie College of Colombo in Sri Lanka and William Carey University of Hatsheb in Mississippi. In the William Carey Academy of Chittagong City, Bangladesh, from kindergarten (kindergarten) to 12th standard, Bangladeshi as well as migrant children are taught. Heritage and influence
William Carey is considered "the father of modern missions" and he influenced the 19th century Protestant missionary movement. Worship
A banquet day is celebrated on October 19, according to the Episcopal Church (USA) Calendar of Pursuit Methods in honor of Carrie. Chronology 1793 appointed missionaries to India, 10 January; On October 11, 1786, 5-year-old son Peter died. In 1796, he was initiated by a Portuguese and changed his first religion. In 1800, transferred to Serampore, 10 January; In 1801, the New Testament was completed in Bengali, February 7. In 1803, established self-reliant missionary organization. In 1807, a doctorate was awarded by the Brown University of America; New Testament was published in Sanskrit in 1808; Complete translation of the Bible in Bengali in 1809, 24 June. New Testament was published in 1811 in Marathi language. New Testament was published in Punjabi in 1815. His father died in 1818, June 15. In 1818 Old Testament was published in Sanskrit language. Establishment of Agricultural and Horticultural Society (Agriculture and Horticulture Society), September 4, 1820; Inauguration of Serampore College in 1821; Marriage to Grace Hughes in 1823. Complete dictionary of Bengali and English in 1825 In 1826, the government provided Carey "Grant in Ed" for education. Sati was prohibited in 1829, although Kerry's attempt, December 4th. Died in Serampore in 1834, 9 June. Death of third wife Grace in 1835 Also see them Comments Marshman, Joshua Clark. Life and Times of Carey, Marshman and Ward Embracing the History of the Serampore Mission. 2 volumes London: Longman, 1859. Marie, Ian. The Puritan Hope: Revival and the Interpretation of Prophecy Edinburgh: Banner of Truth Trust, 1971. Nicholas, Bruce J. "The Theology of William Carey." Evangelical Review of Theology 17 (1993): 372. Ousssorn, Albertinus Hermann William Carey, Ishpashali His Missionary Principles Leiden: A.W. Sithoff, 1945. Pots, E. Daniels. British Baptist Missionaries in India 1793-1837: The History of Serampore and Its Missions Cambridge University Press, 1967. Smith, George. The Life of William Carey: Shoemaker and Missionary. London: Murray, 1887. Walker, F. Devil. William Carey: Missionary Pioneer and Statesman Chicago: Moody, 1951. Further reading External episodes
wiki